diff --git a/src/net/torvald/terrarum/tests/UITestPad1.kt b/src/net/torvald/terrarum/tests/UITestPad1.kt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..abda25efc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/net/torvald/terrarum/tests/UITestPad1.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+package net.torvald.terrarum.tests
+
+import com.badlogic.gdx.Game
+import com.badlogic.gdx.Gdx
+import com.badlogic.gdx.Screen
+import com.badlogic.gdx.ScreenAdapter
+import com.badlogic.gdx.backends.lwjgl.LwjglApplication
+import com.badlogic.gdx.backends.lwjgl.LwjglApplicationConfiguration
+import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Color
+import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.OrthographicCamera
+import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Texture
+import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.SpriteBatch
+import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.glutils.ShaderProgram
+import net.torvald.terrarum.*
+import net.torvald.terrarum.ui.UINSMenu
+
+/**
+ * Created by minjaesong on 2018-12-09.
+ */
+class UITestPad1 : ScreenAdapter() {
+
+    val treeStr = """
+- File
+ - New : Ctrl-N
+ - Open : Ctrl-O
+ - Open Recent
+  - yaml_example.yaml
+  - Yaml.kt
+ - Close : Ctrl-W
+ - Settings
+ - Line Separators
+  - CRLF
+  - CR
+  - LF
+- Edit
+ - Undo : Ctrl-Z
+ - Redo : Shift-Ctrl-Z
+ - Cut : Ctrl-X
+ - Copy : Ctrl-C
+ - Paste : Ctrl-V
+ - Find
+  - Find : Ctrl-F
+  - Replace : Shift-Ctrl-F
+ - Convert Indents
+  - To Spaces
+   - Set Project Indentation
+  - To Tabs
+- Refactor
+ - Refactor This
+ - Rename : Shift-Ctrl-R
+ - Extract
+  - Variable
+  - Property
+  - Function
+"""
+
+
+    lateinit var nsMenu: UINSMenu
+    lateinit var batch: SpriteBatch
+    lateinit var camera: OrthographicCamera
+
+    override fun show() {
+        nsMenu = UINSMenu(
+                "Menu",
+                160,
+                Yaml(treeStr)
+        )
+        batch = SpriteBatch()
+        camera = OrthographicCamera(AppLoader.appConfig.width.toFloat(), AppLoader.appConfig.height.toFloat())
+
+        camera.setToOrtho(true, AppLoader.appConfig.width.toFloat(), AppLoader.appConfig.height.toFloat())
+        camera.update()
+        Gdx.gl20.glViewport(0, 0, AppLoader.appConfig.width, AppLoader.appConfig.height)
+
+        resize(AppLoader.appConfig.width, AppLoader.appConfig.height)
+
+        nsMenu.setPosition(10, 10)
+        nsMenu.setAsAlwaysVisible()
+
+    }
+
+    val bgCol = Color(.62f,.79f,1f,1f)
+
+    override fun render(delta: Float) {
+        batch.inUse {
+            batch.color = bgCol
+            batch.fillRect(0f, 0f, 2048f, 2048f)
+
+            nsMenu.render(batch, camera)
+        }
+
+        //nsMenu.setPosition(20, 20) // FIXME the prolonged bug, "the entire screen is shifted!" is caused by these kind of operations
+    }
+
+    override fun pause() {
+        super.pause()
+    }
+
+    override fun resume() {
+        super.resume()
+    }
+
+    override fun resize(width: Int, height: Int) {
+        super.resize(width, height)
+    }
+
+    override fun dispose() {
+        super.dispose()
+    }
+
+
+}
+
+
+fun main(args: Array<String>) {
+    ShaderProgram.pedantic = false
+
+    val appConfig = LwjglApplicationConfiguration()
+    appConfig.vSyncEnabled = false
+    appConfig.resizable = false//true;
+    //appConfig.width = 1072; // IMAX ratio
+    //appConfig.height = 742; // IMAX ratio
+    appConfig.width = 1110 // photographic ratio (1.5:1)
+    appConfig.height = 740 // photographic ratio (1.5:1)
+    appConfig.backgroundFPS = 9999
+    appConfig.foregroundFPS = 9999
+    appConfig.forceExit = false
+
+    LwjglApplication(AppLoader(appConfig, UITestPad1()), appConfig)
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/net/torvald/terrarum/ui/UIItemNSMenus.kt b/src/net/torvald/terrarum/ui/UIItemNSMenus.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index 70daaed14..000000000
--- a/src/net/torvald/terrarum/ui/UIItemNSMenus.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-package net.torvald.terrarum.ui
-
-import net.torvald.terrarum.Yaml
-
-/**
- * Created by minjaesong on 2018-12-08.
- */
-/*class UIItemNSMenus(
-        parent: UICanvas,
-        var title: String? = null,
-        override var posX: Int,
-        override var posY: Int,
-        override var width: Int,
-        val treeRepresentation: Yaml
-) : UIItem(parent) {
-
-    val tree = treeRepresentation.parse()
-
-    override val height = -1
-}*/
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/net/torvald/terrarum/ui/UIItemTextButton.kt b/src/net/torvald/terrarum/ui/UIItemTextButton.kt
index 71c521ecd..7ea1a64a5 100644
--- a/src/net/torvald/terrarum/ui/UIItemTextButton.kt
+++ b/src/net/torvald/terrarum/ui/UIItemTextButton.kt
@@ -61,17 +61,17 @@ open class UIItemTextButton(
 
 
         if (highlighted) {
-            BlendMode.resolve(highlightBackBlendMode)
+            BlendMode.resolve(highlightBackBlendMode, batch)
             batch.color = highlightBackCol
             batch.fillRect(posX.toFloat(), posY.toFloat(), width.toFloat(), height.toFloat())
         }
         else if (mouseUp) {
-            BlendMode.resolve(activeBackBlendMode)
+            BlendMode.resolve(activeBackBlendMode, batch)
             batch.color = activeBackCol
             batch.fillRect(posX.toFloat(), posY.toFloat(), width.toFloat(), height.toFloat())
         }
 
-        blendNormal()
+        blendNormal(batch)
 
 
         batch.color = if (highlighted) highlightCol
diff --git a/src/net/torvald/terrarum/ui/UIItemTextButtonList.kt b/src/net/torvald/terrarum/ui/UIItemTextButtonList.kt
index 1f6b3928d..2e5458834 100644
--- a/src/net/torvald/terrarum/ui/UIItemTextButtonList.kt
+++ b/src/net/torvald/terrarum/ui/UIItemTextButtonList.kt
@@ -181,11 +181,11 @@ class UIItemTextButtonList(
     override fun render(batch: SpriteBatch, camera: Camera) {
 
         batch.color = backgroundCol
-        BlendMode.resolve(backgroundBlendMode)
+        BlendMode.resolve(backgroundBlendMode, batch)
         batch.fillRect(posX.toFloat(), posY.toFloat(), width.toFloat(), height.toFloat())
 
         batch.color = highlightBackCol
-        BlendMode.resolve(highlightBackBlendMode)
+        BlendMode.resolve(highlightBackBlendMode, batch)
         if (highlightY != null) {
             batch.fillRect(posX.toFloat(), highlightY!!.toFloat(), width.toFloat(), UIItemTextButton.height.toFloat())
         }
diff --git a/src/net/torvald/terrarum/ui/UINSMenu.kt b/src/net/torvald/terrarum/ui/UINSMenu.kt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..770f335d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/net/torvald/terrarum/ui/UINSMenu.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+package net.torvald.terrarum.ui
+
+import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Camera
+import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Color
+import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.SpriteBatch
+import net.torvald.terrarum.*
+
+/**
+ * Nextstep-themed menu bar with mandatory title line
+ *
+ * Created by minjaesong on 2018-12-08.
+ */
+class UINSMenu(
+        var title: String = "",
+        val minimumWidth: Int,
+        treeRepresentation: Yaml,
+
+        val titleBackCol: Color = Color(0f,0f,0f,.77f),
+        val titleTextCol: Color = Color.WHITE,
+        val titleBlendMode: String = BlendMode.NORMAL
+
+) : UICanvas() {
+
+    override var openCloseTime: Second = 0f
+    val LINE_HEIGHT = 24
+    val TEXT_OFFSETX = 3f
+    val TEXT_OFFSETY = (LINE_HEIGHT - Terrarum.fontGame.lineHeight) / 2f
+    val CHILD_ARROW = "${0x2023.toChar()}"
+
+
+    val tree = treeRepresentation.parse()
+    override var width = minOf(minimumWidth, tree.getLevelData(1).map { Terrarum.fontGame.getWidth(it ?: "") }.max() ?: 0)
+    override var height = LINE_HEIGHT * (tree.children.size + 1)
+    private val treeChildrenLabels = Array<String>(tree.children.size) {
+        tree.children[it].toString() + if (tree.children[it].children.isNotEmpty()) "  $CHILD_ARROW" else ""
+    }
+
+    private val theRealList = UIItemTextButtonList(
+            this,
+            treeChildrenLabels,
+            posX + TEXT_OFFSETX.toInt(), posY + LINE_HEIGHT,
+            width - (2 * TEXT_OFFSETX.toInt()), height - LINE_HEIGHT,
+            TEXT_OFFSETY.toInt(),
+            textAreaWidth = width - (2 * TEXT_OFFSETX.toInt()),
+            alignment = UIItemTextButton.Companion.Alignment.LEFT
+    )
+
+    val selectedIndex: Int?
+        get() = theRealList.selectedIndex
+
+    override fun updateUI(delta: Float) {
+        theRealList.update(delta)
+    }
+
+    override fun renderUI(batch: SpriteBatch, camera: Camera) {
+        // draw title bar
+        batch.color = titleBackCol
+        BlendMode.resolve(titleBlendMode, batch)
+        batch.fillRect(posX.toFloat(), posY.toFloat(), width.toFloat(), LINE_HEIGHT.toFloat())
+
+        batch.color = titleTextCol
+        blendNormal(batch)
+        Terrarum.fontGame.draw(batch, title, posX + TEXT_OFFSETX, TEXT_OFFSETY)
+
+        // draw the list
+        theRealList.render(batch, camera)
+    }
+
+    override fun dispose() {
+        theRealList.dispose()
+    }
+
+    override fun doOpening(delta: Float) {
+    }
+
+    override fun doClosing(delta: Float) {
+    }
+
+    override fun endOpening(delta: Float) {
+    }
+
+    override fun endClosing(delta: Float) {
+    }
+
+    override fun mouseMoved(screenX: Int, screenY: Int): Boolean {
+        return super.mouseMoved(screenX, screenY)
+    }
+
+    override fun touchDragged(screenX: Int, screenY: Int, pointer: Int): Boolean {
+        return super.touchDragged(screenX, screenY, pointer)
+    }
+
+    override fun touchDown(screenX: Int, screenY: Int, pointer: Int, button: Int): Boolean {
+        return super.touchDown(screenX, screenY, pointer, button)
+    }
+
+    override fun touchUp(screenX: Int, screenY: Int, pointer: Int, button: Int): Boolean {
+        return super.touchUp(screenX, screenY, pointer, button)
+    }
+
+    override fun scrolled(amount: Int): Boolean {
+        return super.scrolled(amount)
+    }
+
+    override fun keyDown(keycode: Int): Boolean {
+        return super.keyDown(keycode)
+    }
+
+    override fun keyUp(keycode: Int): Boolean {
+        return super.keyUp(keycode)
+    }
+
+    override fun keyTyped(character: Char): Boolean {
+        return super.keyTyped(character)
+    }
+
+    override fun resize(width: Int, height: Int) {
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file