printing stacktrace on host exception

assets/disk0/tvdos/bin/command.js

@@ -895,8 +895,12 @@ shell.execute = function(line, nameOverride) {
                     catch (e) {
                         gotError = true
 
-                        serial.printerr(`[command.js] program quit with ${e}:\n${e.stack || '(stack trace unavailable)'}`)
+                        // A host (Java) exception has no JS `.stack`, so `e.stack` alone is
-                        printerrln(`Program quit with ${e}:\n${e.stack || '(stack trace unavailable)'}`)
+                        // "(stack trace unavailable)". Recover the real host trace (to stderr + string).
+                        let hostTrace = ""
+                        try { hostTrace = sys.printStackTrace(e) } catch (_) {}
+                        serial.printerr(`[command.js] program quit with ${e}:\n${e.stack || hostTrace || '(stack trace unavailable)'}`)
+                        printerrln(`Program quit with ${e}:\n${e.stack || hostTrace || '(stack trace unavailable)'}`)
 
                         if (`${e}`.startsWith("InterruptedException"))
                             errorlevel = SIGTERM.name

tsvm_core/src/net/torvald/tsvm/AudioJSR223Delegate.kt

@@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ class AudioJSR223Delegate(private val vm: VM) {
         getFirstSnd()?.let {  snd ->
             val ba = ByteArray(2304)
             UnsafeHelper.memcpyRaw(null, snd.mediaDecodedBin.ptr, ba, UnsafeHelper.getArrayOffset(ba), 2304)
-            snd.playheads[playhead].pcmQueue.addLast(ba)
+            snd.playheads[playhead].pcmQueue.add(ba)
         }
     }
 
@@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ class AudioJSR223Delegate(private val vm: VM) {
         getFirstSnd()?.let { snd ->
             val ba = ByteArray(sampleLength * 2)  // 32768 samples * 2 channels
             UnsafeHelper.memcpyRaw(null, snd.tadDecodedBin.ptr, ba, UnsafeHelper.getArrayOffset(ba), sampleLength * 2L)
-            snd.playheads[playhead].pcmQueue.addLast(ba)
+            snd.playheads[playhead].pcmQueue.add(ba)
         }
     }
 

tsvm_core/src/net/torvald/tsvm/VM.kt

@@ -778,7 +778,7 @@ class VM(
         // MMIO area
         else if (from in -1048576..-1 && (from - len) in -1048577..-1) {
             val fromIndex = (-from-1) / 131072
-            val dev = peripheralTable[fromIndex.toInt()].peripheral ?: return null
+            val dev = peripheralTable.getOrNull(fromIndex.toInt())?.peripheral ?: return null
             val fromRel = (-from-1) % 131072
             if (fromRel + len > 131072) return null
 
@@ -807,7 +807,7 @@ class VM(
         // memory area
         else {
             val fromIndex = (-from-1) / 1048576
-            val dev = peripheralTable[fromIndex.toInt()].peripheral ?: return null
+            val dev = peripheralTable.getOrNull(fromIndex.toInt())?.peripheral ?: return null
             val fromRel = (-from-1) % 1048576
             if (fromRel + len > 1048576) return null
 

tsvm_core/src/net/torvald/tsvm/VMJSR223Delegate.kt

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class VMJSR223Delegate(private val vm: VM) {
         // MMIO area
         else if (from in -1048576..-1 && (from - len) in -1048577..-1) {
             val fromIndex = ((-from-1) / 131072).absoluteValue
-            val dev = vm.peripheralTable[fromIndex.toInt()].peripheral ?: return null
+            val dev = vm.peripheralTable.getOrNull(fromIndex.toInt())?.peripheral ?: return null
             val fromRel = (-from-1) % 131072
             if (fromRel + len > 131072) return null
 
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class VMJSR223Delegate(private val vm: VM) {
         // memory area
         else {
             val fromIndex = (-from-1) / 1048576
-            val dev = vm.peripheralTable[fromIndex.toInt()].peripheral ?: return null
+            val dev = vm.peripheralTable.getOrNull(fromIndex.toInt())?.peripheral ?: return null
             val fromRel = (-from-1) % 1048576
             if (fromRel + len > 1048576) return null
 
@@ -88,6 +88,56 @@ class VMJSR223Delegate(private val vm: VM) {
 
     fun getVmId() = vm.id.toString()
 
+    /**
+     * Recover the FULL host (Java) stack trace of an exception caught in JS, write it to the host
+     * stderr, and also RETURN it as a string so the caller can show it on the VM screen too.
+     *
+     * When a host (Kotlin) function throws, GraalVM surfaces it to JS as an exception object whose
+     * `toString()` is only the message — so `catch (e) { printerrln(e) }` shows the message on the
+     * VM screen while the Java stack trace (the part that says *where* it blew up) is lost and the
+     * host stdout/stderr gets nothing. Re-throwing the caught value back across the polyglot
+     * boundary recovers the original Throwable so its stack trace can be printed. Call from a JS
+     * catch block: `let tr = sys.printStackTrace(e)` (then optionally `printerrln(tr)`).
+     */
+    fun printStackTrace(e: org.graalvm.polyglot.Value?): String {
+        val sb = StringBuilder("===== host stack trace =====\n")
+        if (e == null) {
+            sb.append("(the caught value was null/undefined)\n")
+        } else {
+            try {
+                if (e.isException) {
+                    e.throwException() // throws a PolyglotException wrapping the original Throwable
+                } else if (e.isHostObject && e.asHostObject<Any?>() is Throwable) {
+                    // Some configs surface a caught host exception as a host object, not an
+                    // exception object — unwrap the Throwable directly.
+                    val sw = java.io.StringWriter()
+                    (e.asHostObject<Any?>() as Throwable).printStackTrace(java.io.PrintWriter(sw))
+                    sb.append("host object Throwable:\n").append(sw)
+                } else {
+                    sb.append("caught value is not an exception object: ").append(e).append('\n')
+                }
+            } catch (pe: org.graalvm.polyglot.PolyglotException) {
+                if (pe.isHostException) {
+                    val sw = java.io.StringWriter()
+                    pe.asHostException().printStackTrace(java.io.PrintWriter(sw))
+                    sb.append("host (Java) exception:\n").append(sw)
+                } else {
+                    sb.append("guest exception: ").append(pe.message).append('\n')
+                }
+                sb.append("guest stack frames:\n")
+                for (frame in pe.polyglotStackTrace) sb.append("    at ").append(frame).append('\n')
+            } catch (t: Throwable) {
+                val sw = java.io.StringWriter()
+                t.printStackTrace(java.io.PrintWriter(sw))
+                sb.append("could not recover the trace; got:\n").append(sw)
+            }
+        }
+        val s = sb.toString()
+        System.err.println(s)
+        System.err.flush()
+        return s
+    }
+
     fun poke(addr: Int, value: Int) = vm.poke(addr.toLong(), value.toByte())
     fun peek(addr: Int) = vm.peek(addr.toLong())!!.toInt().and(255)
     

tsvm_core/src/net/torvald/tsvm/peripheral/AudioAdapter.kt

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package net.torvald.tsvm.peripheral
 import com.badlogic.gdx.Gdx
 import com.badlogic.gdx.backends.lwjgl3.audio.OpenALLwjgl3Audio
 import com.badlogic.gdx.utils.GdxRuntimeException
-import com.badlogic.gdx.utils.Queue
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue
 import io.airlift.compress.zstd.ZstdInputStream
 import net.torvald.UnsafeHelper
 import net.torvald.UnsafePtr
@@ -32,21 +32,26 @@ private class RenderRunnable(val playhead: AudioAdapter.Playhead) : Runnable {
 
                     val writeQueue = playhead.pcmQueue
 
-                    if (playhead.isPlaying && writeQueue.notEmpty()) {
+                    if (playhead.isPlaying) {
 
-                        printdbg("Taking samples from queue (queue size: ${writeQueue.size}/${playhead.getPcmQueueCapacity()})")
+                        // Single atomic poll — `pcmQueue` has concurrent producers (queueing thread /
+                        // JS thread), so a separate notEmpty()/removeFirst() would race and corrupt it.
+                        val samples = writeQueue.poll()
 
-                        val samples = writeQueue.removeFirst()
+                        if (samples != null) {
-                        playhead.position = writeQueue.size
+                            printdbg("Taking samples from queue (queue size: ${writeQueue.size}/${playhead.getPcmQueueCapacity()})")
 
-                        playhead.audioDevice.writeSamplesUI8(samples, 0, samples.size)
+                            playhead.position = writeQueue.size
 
-                        Thread.sleep(6)
+                            playhead.audioDevice.writeSamplesUI8(samples, 0, samples.size)
-                    }
-                    else if (playhead.isPlaying && writeQueue.isEmpty) {
-                        printdbg("!! QUEUE EXHAUSTED !! QUEUE EXHAUSTED !! QUEUE EXHAUSTED !! QUEUE EXHAUSTED !! QUEUE EXHAUSTED !! QUEUE EXHAUSTED ")
 
-                        Thread.sleep(6)
+                            Thread.sleep(6)
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            printdbg("!! QUEUE EXHAUSTED !! QUEUE EXHAUSTED !! QUEUE EXHAUSTED !! QUEUE EXHAUSTED !! QUEUE EXHAUSTED !! QUEUE EXHAUSTED ")
+
+                            Thread.sleep(6)
+                        }
                     }
                 } else {
                     // Tracker mode
@@ -92,7 +97,7 @@ private class WriteQueueingRunnable(val playhead: AudioAdapter.Playhead, val pcm
                             UnsafeHelper.getArrayOffset(samples),
                             it.pcmUploadLength.toLong()
                         )
-                        it.pcmQueue.addLast(samples)
+                        it.pcmQueue.add(samples)
 
                         it.pcmUploadLength = 0
                         it.position = it.pcmQueue.size
@@ -442,11 +447,11 @@ class AudioAdapter(val vm: VM) : PeriBase(VM.PERITYPE_SOUND) {
 
             val writeQueue = playhead.pcmQueue
 
-            if (playhead.isPlaying && writeQueue.notEmpty()) {
+            val samples = if (playhead.isPlaying) writeQueue.poll() else null
+            if (samples != null) {
 
                 printdbg("Taking samples from queue (queue size: ${writeQueue.size})")
 
-                val samples = writeQueue.removeFirst()
                 playhead.position = writeQueue.size
 
 //                printdbg("P${playhead.index+1} Vol ${playhead.masterVolume}; LpP ${playhead.pcmUploadLength}; start playback...")
@@ -4793,7 +4798,12 @@ class AudioAdapter(val vm: VM) : PeriBase(VM.PERITYPE_SOUND) {
         var globalVolume: Int = 0x80,      // 8-bit, default $80 (spec §5). Mutated by V $xx00.
         var mixingVolume: Int = 0x80,      // 8-bit, default $80 (spec §5). Final-mix scaler, set once per song.
 
-        var pcmQueue: Queue<ByteArray> = Queue<ByteArray>(),
+        // PCM playback queue. ConcurrentLinkedQueue (not the libGDX Queue) because it is written
+        // by the queueing thread (WAV/raw PCM via WriteQueueingRunnable) and the JS thread
+        // (mp2UploadDecoded / tadUploadDecoded), drained by the render thread, and purged by the JS
+        // thread — concurrent addLast/removeFirst on a non-thread-safe queue corrupted head/tail and
+        // threw a sporadic ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException during PCM playback.
+        var pcmQueue: ConcurrentLinkedQueue<ByteArray> = ConcurrentLinkedQueue<ByteArray>(),
         var pcmQueueSizeIndex: Int = 0,
         val audioDevice: OpenALBufferedAudioDevice,
     ) {
@@ -4825,7 +4835,7 @@ class AudioAdapter(val vm: VM) : PeriBase(VM.PERITYPE_SOUND) {
                 if (field && !value) {
 //                    println("!! inserting dummy bytes")
                     if (isPcmMode) {
-                        pcmQueue.addLast(ByteArray(audioDevice.bufferSize * audioDevice.bufferCount))
+                        pcmQueue.add(ByteArray(audioDevice.bufferSize * audioDevice.bufferCount))
                     }
                 }
                 field = value