initial commit

.gitattributes

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+*.psd filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.ogg filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.tga filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.gz filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.opus filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.pdf filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.zip filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# Build-related
+out/*
+bin/*
+build/*
+.gradle/*
+TerrarumBuild.jar
+
+# Java native errors
+hs_err_pid*
+replay_pid*
+
+# OS files
+Thumbs.db
+.DS_Store
+desktop.ini
+.directory
+*/.directory
+
+# Resources that should not be tracked
+assets/mods/basegame/demoworld
+external_resource_packs
+#assets/mods/basegame/demoworld.gz
+external_resource_packs.zip
+
+# IntelliJ
+workspace.xml
+
+# Temporary files
+.tmp*
+tmp_*
+## Microsoft Office
+~$*
+## Generic temp files in Linux
+*~
+## Vim temp files
+*.swp
+*.swo
+
+# Eclipse MAT heap files
+*.hprof
+*.bin
+*.index
+*.threads
+*_Leak_Suspects.zip

.idea/codeStyles/Project.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<component name="ProjectCodeStyleConfiguration">
+  <code_scheme name="Project" version="173">
+    <JetCodeStyleSettings>
+      <option name="CODE_STYLE_DEFAULTS" value="KOTLIN_OFFICIAL" />
+    </JetCodeStyleSettings>
+    <codeStyleSettings language="kotlin">
+      <option name="CODE_STYLE_DEFAULTS" value="KOTLIN_OFFICIAL" />
+    </codeStyleSettings>
+  </code_scheme>
+</component>

.idea/codeStyles/codeStyleConfig.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<component name="ProjectCodeStyleConfiguration">
+  <state>
+    <option name="USE_PER_PROJECT_SETTINGS" value="true" />
+  </state>
+</component>

.idea/kotlinc.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="Kotlin2JvmCompilerArguments">
+    <option name="jvmTarget" value="1.8" />
+  </component>
+</project>

.idea/libraries/KotlinJavaRuntime.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<component name="libraryTable">
+  <library name="KotlinJavaRuntime">
+    <CLASSES>
+      <root url="jar://$KOTLIN_BUNDLED$/lib/kotlin-stdlib.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$KOTLIN_BUNDLED$/lib/kotlin-reflect.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$KOTLIN_BUNDLED$/lib/kotlin-test.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$KOTLIN_BUNDLED$/lib/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$KOTLIN_BUNDLED$/lib/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8.jar!/" />
+      <root url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/lib" />
+    </CLASSES>
+    <JAVADOC />
+    <NATIVE>
+      <root url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/lib" />
+    </NATIVE>
+    <SOURCES>
+      <root url="jar://$KOTLIN_BUNDLED$/lib/kotlin-stdlib-sources.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$KOTLIN_BUNDLED$/lib/kotlin-reflect-sources.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$KOTLIN_BUNDLED$/lib/kotlin-test-sources.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$KOTLIN_BUNDLED$/lib/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-sources.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$KOTLIN_BUNDLED$/lib/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-sources.jar!/" />
+      <root url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/lib" />
+    </SOURCES>
+    <jarDirectory url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/lib" recursive="false" />
+    <jarDirectory url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/lib" recursive="false" type="SOURCES" />
+  </library>
+</component>

.idea/misc.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" languageLevel="JDK_1_8" default="true" project-jdk-name="1.8.0_242" project-jdk-type="JavaSDK">
+    <output url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/out" />
+  </component>
+</project>

.idea/modules.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="ProjectModuleManager">
+    <modules>
+      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/tsvm.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/tsvm.iml" />
+    </modules>
+  </component>
+</project>

src/net/torvald/tsvm/AppLoader.java

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+package net.torvald.tsvm;
+
+import com.badlogic.gdx.Gdx;
+import com.badlogic.gdx.backends.lwjgl.LwjglApplication;
+import com.badlogic.gdx.backends.lwjgl.LwjglApplicationConfiguration;
+import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.glutils.ShaderProgram;
+
+public class AppLoader {
+
+    public static String appTitle = "Totally Simple Virtual Machine";
+    public static LwjglApplicationConfiguration appConfig;
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        ShaderProgram.pedantic = false;
+
+        appConfig = new LwjglApplicationConfiguration();
+        appConfig.foregroundFPS = 60;
+        appConfig.backgroundFPS = 60;
+        appConfig.vSyncEnabled = false;
+        appConfig.useGL30 = true;
+        appConfig.resizable = false;
+        appConfig.title = appTitle;
+        appConfig.forceExit = true;
+        appConfig.width = 560;
+        appConfig.height = 448;
+
+        new LwjglApplication(new VMGUI(appConfig), appConfig);
+    }
+
+    public static ShaderProgram loadShaderFromFile(String vert, String frag) {
+        ShaderProgram s = new ShaderProgram(Gdx.files.internal(vert), Gdx.files.internal(frag));
+
+        if (s.getLog().toLowerCase().contains("error")) {
+            throw new Error(String.format("Shader program loaded with %s, %s failed:\n%s", vert, frag, s.getLog()));
+        }
+
+        return s;
+    }
+
+    public static ShaderProgram loadShaderInline(String vert, String frag) {
+        ShaderProgram s = new ShaderProgram(vert, frag);
+
+        if (s.getLog().toLowerCase().contains("error")) {
+            throw new Error(String.format("Shader program loaded with %s, %s failed:\n%s", vert, frag, s.getLog()));
+        }
+
+        return s;
+    }
+}

src/net/torvald/tsvm/UnsafePtr.kt

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+package net.torvald
+
+import sun.misc.Unsafe
+import java.io.PrintStream
+
+/**
+ * Further read:
+ * - http://www.docjar.com/docs/api/sun/misc/Unsafe.html
+ *
+ * Created by minjaesong on 2019-06-21.
+ */
+
+internal object UnsafeHelper {
+    val unsafe: Unsafe
+
+    init {
+        val unsafeConstructor = Unsafe::class.java.getDeclaredConstructor()
+        unsafeConstructor.isAccessible = true
+        unsafe = unsafeConstructor.newInstance()
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A factory method to allocate a memory of given size and return its starting address as a pointer.
+     */
+    fun allocate(size: Long): UnsafePtr {
+        val ptr = unsafe.allocateMemory(size)
+        return UnsafePtr(ptr, size)
+    }
+
+    fun memcpy(src: UnsafePtr, fromIndex: Long, dest: UnsafePtr, toIndex: Long, copyLength: Long) =
+        unsafe.copyMemory(src.ptr + fromIndex, dest.ptr + toIndex, copyLength)
+    fun memcpy(srcAddress: Long, destAddress: Long, copyLength: Long) =
+        unsafe.copyMemory(srcAddress, destAddress, copyLength)
+    fun memcpyRaw(srcObj: Any?, srcPos: Long, destObj: Any?, destPos: Long, len: Long) =
+        unsafe.copyMemory(srcObj, srcPos, destObj, destPos, len)
+
+    /**
+     * The array object in JVM is stored in this memory map:
+     *
+     * 0                 w                  2w                    *
+     * | Some identifier | Other identifier | the actual data ... |
+     *
+     * (where w = 4 for 32-bit JVM and 8 for 64-bit JVM. If Compressed-OOP is involved, things may get complicated)
+     *
+     * @return offset from the array's base memory address (aka pointer) that the actual data begins.
+     */
+    fun getArrayOffset(obj: Any) = unsafe.arrayBaseOffset(obj.javaClass)
+}
+
+/**
+ * To allocate a memory, use UnsafeHelper.allocate(long)
+ *
+ * All the getFloat/Int/whatever methods will follow the endianness of your system,
+ * e.g. it'll be Little Endian on x86, Big Endian on PPC, User-defined on ARM; therefore these functions should not be
+ * used when the portability matters (e.g. Savefile). In such situations, do byte-wise operations will be needed.
+ *
+ * Use of hashCode() is forbidden, use the pointer instead.
+ */
+internal class UnsafePtr(pointer: Long, allocSize: Long) {
+    var destroyed = false
+        private set
+
+    var ptr: Long = pointer
+        private set
+
+    var size: Long = allocSize
+        private set
+
+    fun realloc(newSize: Long) {
+        ptr = UnsafeHelper.unsafe.reallocateMemory(ptr, newSize)
+        size = newSize
+    }
+
+    fun destroy() {
+        if (!destroyed) {
+            UnsafeHelper.unsafe.freeMemory(ptr)
+
+            println("[UnsafePtr] Destroying pointer $this; called from:")
+            printStackTrace(this)
+
+            destroyed = true
+        }
+    }
+
+    private inline fun checkNullPtr(index: Long) { // ignore what IDEA says and do inline this
+        // commenting out because of the suspected (or minor?) performance impact.
+        // You may break the glass and use this tool when some fucking incomprehensible bugs ("vittujen vitun bugit")
+        // appear (e.g. getting garbage values when it fucking shouldn't)
+        assert(!destroyed) { throw NullPointerException("The pointer is already destroyed ($this)") }
+
+        // OOB Check: debugging purposes only -- comment out for the production
+        //if (index !in 0 until size) throw IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index: $index; alloc size: $size")
+    }
+
+    operator fun get(index: Long): Byte {
+        checkNullPtr(index)
+        return UnsafeHelper.unsafe.getByte(ptr + index)
+    }
+
+    operator fun set(index: Long, value: Byte) {
+        checkNullPtr(index)
+        UnsafeHelper.unsafe.putByte(ptr + index, value)
+    }
+
+    // NOTE: get/set multibyte values are NOT BYTE-ALIGNED!
+
+    fun getFloat(index: Long): Float {
+        checkNullPtr(index)
+        return UnsafeHelper.unsafe.getFloat(ptr + index)
+    }
+
+    fun getInt(index: Long): Int {
+        checkNullPtr(index)
+        return UnsafeHelper.unsafe.getInt(ptr + index)
+    }
+
+    fun setFloat(index: Long, value: Float) {
+        checkNullPtr(index)
+        UnsafeHelper.unsafe.putFloat(ptr + index, value)
+    }
+
+    fun setInt(index: Long, value: Int) {
+        checkNullPtr(index)
+        UnsafeHelper.unsafe.putInt(ptr + index, value)
+    }
+
+    fun fillWith(byte: Byte) {
+        UnsafeHelper.unsafe.setMemory(ptr, size, byte)
+    }
+
+    override fun toString() = "0x${ptr.toString(16)} with size $size"
+    override fun equals(other: Any?) = this.ptr == (other as UnsafePtr).ptr && this.size == other.size
+
+    inline fun printStackTrace(obj: Any) = printStackTrace(obj, System.out) // because of Java
+
+    fun printStackTrace(obj: Any, out: PrintStream = System.out) {
+            Thread.currentThread().stackTrace.forEach {
+                out.println("[${obj.javaClass.simpleName}] ... $it")
+            }
+    }
+}

src/net/torvald/tsvm/VM.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+package net.torvald.tsvm
+
+import net.torvald.UnsafeHelper
+import net.torvald.UnsafePtr
+import net.torvald.tsvm.peripheral.IOSpace
+import net.torvald.tsvm.peripheral.PeriBase
+
+/**
+ * 1 byte = 2 pixels
+ *
+ * 560x448@4bpp = 125 440 bytes
+ * 560x448@8bpp = 250 880 bytes
+ *
+ * -> 262144 bytes (256 kB)
+ *
+ * [USER AREA | HW AREA]
+ *  Number of pheripherals = 8, of which the computer itself is considered as a peri.
+ *
+ * HW AREA = [Peripherals | MMIO | INTVEC]
+ *
+ * User area: 8 MB, hardware area: 8 MB
+ *
+ * 8192 kB
+ *  User Space
+ * 1024 kB
+ *  Peripheral #8
+ * 1024 kB
+ *  Peripheral #7
+ * ...
+ * 1024 kB
+ *  MMIO and Interrupt Vectors
+ *  128 kB
+ *   MMIO for Peri #8
+ *  128 kB
+ *   MMIO for Peri #7
+ *  ...
+ *  128 kB
+ *   MMIO for the computer
+ *   130816 bytes
+ *    MMIO for Ports, etc.
+ *   256 bytes
+ *    Vectors for 64 interrupts
+ *
+ *
+ */
+
+class VM(
+    _memsize: Int
+) {
+
+    val memsize = minOf(USER_SPACE_SIZE, _memsize.toLong())
+
+    internal val usermem = UnsafeHelper.allocate(memsize)
+
+    val peripheralTable = Array(8) { PeripheralEntry() }
+
+    init {
+        peripheralTable[0] = PeripheralEntry(
+            "io",
+            IOSpace(),
+            HW_RESERVE_SIZE,
+            MMIO_SIZE.toInt() - 256,
+            64
+        )
+    }
+
+
+    fun findPeribyType(searchTerm: String): Int? {
+        for (i in 0..7) {
+            if (peripheralTable[i].type == searchTerm) return i
+        }
+        return null
+    }
+
+    fun dispose() {
+        usermem.destroy()
+        peripheralTable.forEach { it.peripheral?.dispose() }
+    }
+
+    /*
+    NOTE: re-fill peripheralTable whenever the VM cold-boots!
+          you are absolutely not supposed to hot-swap peripheral cards when the computer is on
+     */
+
+
+    companion object {
+        val MMIO_SIZE = 128.kB()
+        val HW_RESERVE_SIZE = 1024.kB()
+        val USER_SPACE_SIZE = 8192.kB()
+
+        const val PERITYPE_GRAPHICS = "gpu"
+    }
+
+}
+
+data class PeripheralEntry(
+    val type: String = "null",
+    val peripheral: PeriBase? = null,
+    val memsize: Long = 0,
+    val mmioSize: Int = 0,
+    val interruptCount: Int = 0 // max: 4
+)
+
+fun Int.kB() = this * 1024L

src/net/torvald/tsvm/VMGUI.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+package net.torvald.tsvm
+
+import com.badlogic.gdx.ApplicationAdapter
+import com.badlogic.gdx.Gdx
+import com.badlogic.gdx.backends.lwjgl.LwjglApplicationConfiguration
+import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.OrthographicCamera
+import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.SpriteBatch
+import net.torvald.tsvm.peripheral.GraphicsAdapter
+import kotlin.math.roundToInt
+
+class VMGUI(val appConfig: LwjglApplicationConfiguration) : ApplicationAdapter() {
+
+    val vm = VM(8192)
+    lateinit var gpu: GraphicsAdapter
+
+    lateinit var batch: SpriteBatch
+    lateinit var camera: OrthographicCamera
+
+    override fun create() {
+        super.create()
+
+        gpu = GraphicsAdapter()
+
+        vm.peripheralTable[1] = PeripheralEntry(
+            VM.PERITYPE_GRAPHICS,
+            gpu,
+            256.kB(),
+            16,
+            0
+        )
+
+        batch = SpriteBatch()
+        camera = OrthographicCamera(appConfig.width.toFloat(), appConfig.height.toFloat())
+        camera.setToOrtho(false)
+        camera.update()
+        batch.projectionMatrix = camera.combined
+        Gdx.gl20.glViewport(0, 0, appConfig.width, appConfig.height)
+    }
+
+    private var updateAkku = 0.0
+    private var updateRate = 1f / 60f
+
+    override fun render() {
+        Gdx.graphics.setTitle("${AppLoader.appTitle} $EMDASH F: ${Gdx.graphics.framesPerSecond}")
+
+        super.render()
+
+        val dt = Gdx.graphics.rawDeltaTime
+        updateAkku += dt
+
+        var i = 0L
+        while (updateAkku >= updateRate) {
+            updateGame(updateRate)
+            updateAkku -= updateRate
+            i += 1
+        }
+
+        renderGame()
+    }
+
+    private fun updateGame(delta: Float) {
+        paintTestPalette()
+    }
+
+    private fun paintTestPalette() {
+        for (y in 0 until 360) {
+            for (x in 0 until GraphicsAdapter.WIDTH) {
+                val palnum = 20 * (y / (360 / 12)) + (x / (GraphicsAdapter.WIDTH / 20))
+                gpu.poke(y.toLong() * GraphicsAdapter.WIDTH + x, palnum.toByte())
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (y in 360 until GraphicsAdapter.HEIGHT) {
+            for (x in 0 until GraphicsAdapter.WIDTH) {
+                val palnum = 240 + (x / (GraphicsAdapter.WIDTH / 16))
+                gpu.poke(y.toLong() * GraphicsAdapter.WIDTH + x, palnum.toByte())
+            }
+        }
+
+        gpu.poke(262142L, Math.random().times(255.0).toByte())
+        gpu.poke(262143L, Math.random().times(255.0).toByte())
+
+        /*
+local vm = require("rawmemoryaccess")
+local w = 560
+local h = 448
+local peripheral_slot = 1
+
+for y = 0, 359 do
+    for x = 0, w - 1 do
+        palnum = 20 * (y / (360 / 12)) + (x / (w / 20))
+        vm.poke(-(y * w + x + 1) - 1048576 * peripheral_slot, palnum)
+    end
+end
+
+for y = 360, h - 1 do
+    for x = 0, w - 1 do
+        palnum = 240 + (x / (w / 16))
+        vm.poke(-(y * w + x + 1) - 1048576 * peripheral_slot, palnum)
+    end
+end
+
+vm.poke(-262143 - 1048576 * peripheral_slot, math.floor(math.random() * 255.0))
+vm.poke(-262144 - 1048576 * peripheral_slot, math.floor(math.random() * 255.0))
+         */
+    }
+
+    private fun renderGame() {
+        gpu.render(batch, 0f, 0f)
+
+    }
+
+
+    override fun dispose() {
+        super.dispose()
+    }
+}
+
+const val EMDASH = 0x2014.toChar()

src/net/torvald/tsvm/firmware/Firmware.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+package net.torvald.tsvm.firmware
+
+import net.torvald.UnsafePtr
+import net.torvald.tsvm.VM
+import net.torvald.tsvm.kB
+import net.torvald.tsvm.peripheral.PeriBase
+import org.luaj.vm2.LuaTable
+import org.luaj.vm2.LuaValue
+import org.luaj.vm2.lib.OneArgFunction
+import org.luaj.vm2.lib.TwoArgFunction
+
+internal class Firmware(val vm: VM) {
+
+    val t = LuaTable()
+
+    fun errorIllegalAccess(addr: Long) {
+
+    }
+
+    private fun translateAddr(addr: LuaValue): Pair<Any?, Long> {
+        val addr = addr.checklong()
+        return when (addr) {
+            // DO note that numbers in Lua are double precision floats (ignore Lua 5.3 for now)
+            in 0..8192.kB() - 1 -> vm.usermem to addr
+            in -1024.kB()..-1 -> vm.peripheralTable[0].peripheral to (-addr - 1)
+            in -2048.kB()..-1024.kB()-1 -> vm.peripheralTable[1].peripheral to (-addr - 1 - 1024.kB())
+            in -3072.kB()..-2048.kB()-1 -> vm.peripheralTable[2].peripheral to (-addr - 1 - 2048.kB())
+            in -4096.kB()..-3072.kB()-1 -> vm.peripheralTable[3].peripheral to (-addr - 1 - 3072.kB())
+            in -5120.kB()..-4096.kB()-1 -> vm.peripheralTable[4].peripheral to (-addr - 1 - 4096.kB())
+            in -6144.kB()..-5120.kB()-1 -> vm.peripheralTable[5].peripheral to (-addr - 1 - 5120.kB())
+            in -7168.kB()..-6144.kB()-1 -> vm.peripheralTable[6].peripheral to (-addr - 1 - 6144.kB())
+            in -8192.kB()..-7168.kB()-1 -> vm.peripheralTable[7].peripheral to (-addr - 1 - 7168.kB())
+            else -> null to addr
+        }
+    }
+
+    init {
+        t["poke"] = object : TwoArgFunction() {
+            override fun call(addr: LuaValue, value: LuaValue): LuaValue {
+                val (memspace, offset) = translateAddr(addr)
+                if (memspace == null)
+                    errorIllegalAccess(addr.checklong())
+                else if (memspace is UnsafePtr)
+                    memspace.set(offset, value.checkint().toByte())
+                else
+                    (memspace as PeriBase).poke(offset, value.checkint().toByte())
+                return LuaValue.NIL
+            }
+        }
+
+        t["peek"] = object : OneArgFunction() {
+            override fun call(addr: LuaValue): LuaValue {
+                val (memspace, offset) = translateAddr(addr)
+                return if (memspace == null)
+                    LuaValue.NIL
+                else if (memspace is UnsafePtr)
+                    memspace.get(offset).toLuaValue()
+                else
+                    (memspace as PeriBase).peek(offset)?.toLuaValue() ?: LuaValue.NIL
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    fun Byte.toLuaValue() = LuaValue.valueOf(this.toInt())
+}

src/net/torvald/tsvm/peripheral/GraphicsAdapter.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,427 @@
+package net.torvald.tsvm.peripheral
+
+import com.badlogic.gdx.Gdx
+import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Color
+import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Pixmap
+import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Texture
+import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.SpriteBatch
+import net.torvald.tsvm.AppLoader
+import net.torvald.tsvm.VM
+import net.torvald.tsvm.kB
+
+class GraphicsAdapter : PeriBase {
+
+    internal val framebuffer = Pixmap(WIDTH, HEIGHT, Pixmap.Format.RGBA8888)
+    private var rendertex = Texture(1, 1, Pixmap.Format.RGBA8888)
+    private val paletteOfFloats = FloatArray(1024) {
+        val rgba = DEFAULT_PALETTE[it / 4]
+        val channel = it % 4
+        rgba.shr((3 - channel) * 8).and(255) / 255f
+    }
+
+    private val paletteShader = AppLoader.loadShaderInline(DRAW_SHADER_VERT, DRAW_SHADER_FRAG)
+
+    private var textmodeBlinkCursor = true
+
+    private var graphicsUseSprites = false
+
+    private var lastUsedColour = (-1).toByte()
+
+    init {
+        framebuffer.blending = Pixmap.Blending.None
+        framebuffer.setColor(-1)
+        framebuffer.fill()
+
+        for (k in 0..1023) {
+            if (k != 0 && k % 4 == 0)
+                println()
+
+            print(paletteOfFloats[k])
+            print(" ")
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun peek(addr: Long): Byte? {
+        val adi = addr.toInt()
+        return when (addr) {
+            in 0 until 250880 -> framebuffer.getPixel(adi % WIDTH, adi / WIDTH).toByte()
+            in 261632 until 262144 -> peekPalette(adi - 261632)
+            in 0 until VM.HW_RESERVE_SIZE -> peek(addr % VRAM_SIZE) // HW mirroring
+            else -> null
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun poke(addr: Long, byte: Byte) {
+        val adi = addr.toInt()
+        val bi = byte.toInt().and(255)
+        when (addr) {
+            in 0 until 250880 -> {
+                lastUsedColour = byte
+                framebuffer.drawPixel(adi % WIDTH, adi / WIDTH, bi.shl(24))
+            }
+            in 261632 until 262144 -> pokePalette(adi - 261632, byte)
+            in 0 until VM.HW_RESERVE_SIZE -> poke(addr % VRAM_SIZE, byte) // HW mirroring
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun mmio_read(addr: Long): Byte? {
+        return when (addr) {
+            0L -> (WIDTH % 256).toByte()
+            1L -> (WIDTH / 256).toByte()
+            2L -> (HEIGHT % 256).toByte()
+            3L -> (HEIGHT / 256).toByte()
+            4L -> 70
+            5L -> 32
+            6L -> textmodeBlinkCursor.toInt().toByte()
+            7L -> graphicsUseSprites.toInt().toByte()
+            8L -> lastUsedColour
+
+            in 0 until VM.MMIO_SIZE -> -1
+            else -> null
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun mmio_write(addr: Long, byte: Byte) {
+        TODO("Not yet implemented")
+    }
+
+    override fun dispose() {
+        framebuffer.dispose()
+        rendertex.dispose()
+    }
+
+    fun render(batch: SpriteBatch, x: Float, y: Float) {
+        rendertex.dispose()
+        rendertex = Texture(framebuffer)
+
+        batch.begin()
+        batch.color = Color.WHITE
+        batch.shader = paletteShader
+        paletteShader.setUniform4fv("pal", paletteOfFloats, 0, paletteOfFloats.size)
+        // must be done every time the shader is "actually loaded"
+        // try this: if above line precedes 'batch.shader = paletteShader', it won't work
+        batch.draw(rendertex, x, y)
+        batch.end()
+
+        batch.shader = null
+    }
+
+    private fun peekPalette(offset: Int): Byte {
+        val highvalue = paletteOfFloats[offset * 2] // R, B
+        val lowvalue = paletteOfFloats[offset * 2 + 1] // G, A
+        return (highvalue.div(15f).toInt().shl(4) or lowvalue.div(15f).toInt()).toByte()
+    }
+
+    private fun pokePalette(offset: Int, byte: Byte) {
+        val highvalue = byte.toInt().and(0xF0).ushr(4) / 15f
+        val lowvalue  = byte.toInt().and(0x0F) / 15f
+
+        paletteOfFloats[offset * 2] = highvalue
+        paletteOfFloats[offset * 2 + 1] = lowvalue
+    }
+
+
+    private fun Boolean.toInt() = if (this) 1 else 0
+
+    companion object {
+        const val WIDTH = 560
+        const val HEIGHT = 448
+        val VRAM_SIZE = 256.kB()
+
+        val DRAW_SHADER_FRAG = """
+            #version 120
+            
+            varying vec4 v_color;
+            varying vec2 v_texCoords;
+            uniform sampler2D u_texture;
+            uniform vec4 pal[256];
+            
+            float rand(vec2 co){
+                return fract(sin(dot(co.xy ,vec2(12.9898,78.233))) * 43758.5453);
+            }
+            
+            void main(void) {
+                gl_FragColor = pal[int(texture2D(u_texture, v_texCoords).r * 255.0)];
+                //gl_FragColor = vec4(texture2D(u_texture, v_texCoords).rrr, 1.0);
+            }
+        """.trimIndent()
+
+        val DRAW_SHADER_VERT = """
+            #version 120
+            
+            attribute vec4 a_position;
+            attribute vec4 a_color;
+            attribute vec2 a_texCoord0;
+
+            uniform mat4 u_projTrans;
+
+            varying vec4 v_color;
+            varying vec2 v_texCoords;
+
+            void main() {
+                v_color = a_color;
+                v_texCoords = a_texCoord0;
+                gl_Position = u_projTrans * a_position;
+            }
+        """.trimIndent()
+
+        val DEFAULT_PALETTE = intArrayOf( // 0b rrrrrrrr gggggggg bbbbbbbb aaaaaaaa
+            255,
+            17663,
+            35071,
+            48127,
+            65535,
+            2228479,
+            2245887,
+            2263295,
+            2276351,
+            2293759,
+            4456703,
+            4474111,
+            4491519,
+            4504575,
+            4521983,
+            6684927,
+            6702335,
+            6719743,
+            6732799,
+            6750207,
+            10027263,
+            10044671,
+            10062079,
+            10075135,
+            10092543,
+            12255487,
+            12272895,
+            12290303,
+            12303359,
+            12320767,
+            14483711,
+            14501119,
+            14518527,
+            14531583,
+            14548991,
+            16711935,
+            16729343,
+            16746751,
+            16759807,
+            16777215,
+            855638271,
+            855655679,
+            855673087,
+            855686143,
+            855703551,
+            857866495,
+            857883903,
+            857901311,
+            857914367,
+            857931775,
+            860094719,
+            860112127,
+            860129535,
+            860142591,
+            860159999,
+            862322943,
+            862340351,
+            862357759,
+            862370815,
+            862388223,
+            865665279,
+            865682687,
+            865700095,
+            865713151,
+            865730559,
+            867893503,
+            867910911,
+            867928319,
+            867941375,
+            867958783,
+            870121727,
+            870139135,
+            870156543,
+            870169599,
+            870187007,
+            872349951,
+            872367359,
+            872384767,
+            872397823,
+            872415231,
+            1711276287,
+            1711293695,
+            1711311103,
+            1711324159,
+            1711341567,
+            1713504511,
+            1713521919,
+            1713539327,
+            1713552383,
+            1713569791,
+            1715732735,
+            1715750143,
+            1715767551,
+            1715780607,
+            1715798015,
+            1717960959,
+            1717978367,
+            1717995775,
+            1718008831,
+            1718026239,
+            1721303295,
+            1721320703,
+            1721338111,
+            1721351167,
+            1721368575,
+            1723531519,
+            1723548927,
+            1723566335,
+            1723579391,
+            1723596799,
+            1725759743,
+            1725777151,
+            1725794559,
+            1725807615,
+            1725825023,
+            1727987967,
+            1728005375,
+            1728022783,
+            1728035839,
+            1728053247,
+            -1728052993,
+            -1728035585,
+            -1728018177,
+            -1728005121,
+            -1727987713,
+            -1725824769,
+            -1725807361,
+            -1725789953,
+            -1725776897,
+            -1725759489,
+            -1723596545,
+            -1723579137,
+            -1723561729,
+            -1723548673,
+            -1723531265,
+            -1721368321,
+            -1721350913,
+            -1721333505,
+            -1721320449,
+            -1721303041,
+            -1718025985,
+            -1718008577,
+            -1717991169,
+            -1717978113,
+            -1717960705,
+            -1715797761,
+            -1715780353,
+            -1715762945,
+            -1715749889,
+            -1715732481,
+            -1713569537,
+            -1713552129,
+            -1713534721,
+            -1713521665,
+            -1713504257,
+            -1711341313,
+            -1711323905,
+            -1711306497,
+            -1711293441,
+            -1711276033,
+            -872414977,
+            -872397569,
+            -872380161,
+            -872367105,
+            -872349697,
+            -870186753,
+            -870169345,
+            -870151937,
+            -870138881,
+            -870121473,
+            -867958529,
+            -867941121,
+            -867923713,
+            -867910657,
+            -867893249,
+            -865730305,
+            -865712897,
+            -865695489,
+            -865682433,
+            -865665025,
+            -862387969,
+            -862370561,
+            -862353153,
+            -862340097,
+            -862322689,
+            -860159745,
+            -860142337,
+            -860124929,
+            -860111873,
+            -860094465,
+            -857931521,
+            -857914113,
+            -857896705,
+            -857883649,
+            -857866241,
+            -855703297,
+            -855685889,
+            -855668481,
+            -855655425,
+            -855638017,
+            -16776961,
+            -16759553,
+            -16742145,
+            -16729089,
+            -16711681,
+            -14548737,
+            -14531329,
+            -14513921,
+            -14500865,
+            -14483457,
+            -12320513,
+            -12303105,
+            -12285697,
+            -12272641,
+            -12255233,
+            -10092289,
+            -10074881,
+            -10057473,
+            -10044417,
+            -10027009,
+            -6749953,
+            -6732545,
+            -6715137,
+            -6702081,
+            -6684673,
+            -4521729,
+            -4504321,
+            -4486913,
+            -4473857,
+            -4456449,
+            -2293505,
+            -2276097,
+            -2258689,
+            -2245633,
+            -2228225,
+            -65281,
+            -47873,
+            -30465,
+            -17409,
+            -1,
+            255,
+            286331391,
+            572662527,
+            858993663,
+            1145324799,
+            1431655935,
+            1717987071,
+            2004318207,
+            -2004317953,
+            -1717986817,
+            -1431655681,
+            -1145324545,
+            -858993409,
+            -572662273,
+            -286331137,
+            0
+        )
+    }
+}

src/net/torvald/tsvm/peripheral/IOSpace.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package net.torvald.tsvm.peripheral
+
+class IOSpace : PeriBase {
+    override fun peek(addr: Long): Byte? {
+        TODO("Not yet implemented")
+    }
+
+    override fun poke(addr: Long, byte: Byte) {
+        TODO("Not yet implemented")
+    }
+
+    override fun mmio_read(addr: Long): Byte? {
+        TODO("Not yet implemented")
+    }
+
+    override fun mmio_write(addr: Long, byte: Byte) {
+        TODO("Not yet implemented")
+    }
+
+    override fun dispose() {
+        TODO("Not yet implemented")
+    }
+}

src/net/torvald/tsvm/peripheral/PeriBase.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package net.torvald.tsvm.peripheral
+
+interface PeriBase {
+
+    /**
+     * Addr is not an offset; they can be "wired" into any other "chip" in the card other than its RAM
+     */
+    fun peek(addr: Long): Byte?
+
+    /**
+     * Addr is not an offset; they can be "wired" into any other "chip" in the card other than its RAM
+     */
+    fun poke(addr: Long, byte: Byte)
+
+    fun mmio_read(addr: Long): Byte?
+    fun mmio_write(addr: Long, byte: Byte)
+
+    fun dispose()
+}

terranmon.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+1 byte = 2 pixels
+
+560x448@4bpp = 125 440 bytes
+560x448@8bpp = 250 880 bytes
+
+-> 262144 bytes (256 kB)
+
+[USER AREA | HW AREA]
+
+    Number of pheripherals = 8, of which the computer itself is considered as
+     a peripheral.
+
+HW AREA = [Peripherals | MMIO | INTVEC]
+
+User area: 8 MB, hardware area: 8 MB
+
+8192 kB
+    User Space
+1024 kB
+    Peripheral #8
+1024 kB
+    Peripheral #7
+...
+1024 kB
+    MMIO and Interrupt Vectors
+    128 kB
+        MMIO for Peri #8
+    128 kB
+        MMIO for Peri #7
+    ...
+    128 kB
+        MMIO for the computer
+        130816 bytes
+            MMIO for Ports, etc.
+        256 bytes
+            Vectors for 64 interrupts
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+VRAM Bank 0 (256 kB)
+
+From the end of the memory space:
+512 bytes
+    Stored in following pattern: 0b rrrr gggg, 0b bbbb aaaa, ....
+IF graphics_mode THEN
+    (41 sprites : 260 bytes each -> 10660 bytes)
+        0th sprite is always the GUI cursor
+    256 bytes
+        16x16 texture for the sprite
+    2 bytes
+        0b rr0000xx xxxxxxxx (r: rotation, x: x-position)
+    2 bytes
+        Ob hv0000xy yyyyyyyy (h: horizontal flip, v: vertical flip, x: show/hide, y: y-position)
+ELSE
+    2240 bytes
+        Text buffer of 70x32 (8x14 character size)
+    2240 bytes
+        Text background colours
+    2240 bytes
+        Text foreground colours
+    2 bytes
+        Cursor position in: (y*32 + x)
+    3938 bytes
+        *Unused*
+FI
+From the start of the memory space:
+250880 bytes
+    Framebuffer
+92 bytes
+    *Unused*
+
+MMIO
+
+2 bytes RO
+    Framebuffer width in pixels
+2 bytes RO
+    Framebuffer height in pixels
+1 bytes RO
+    Text mode columns
+1 bytes RO
+    Text mode rows
+1 bytes RW
+    Text-mode attributes
+    0b 0000 000c (c: Cursor blink)
+1 bytes RW
+    Graphics-mode attributes
+    0b 0000 000g (g: Use sprites(wipes out text buffer))
+1 bytes RO
+    Last used colour (set by poking at the framebuffer)
+
+Text-mode-font-ROM is immutable and does not belong to VRAM
+Even in the text mode framebuffer is still being drawn onto the screen, and the texts are drawn on top of it

tsvm.iml

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<module type="JAVA_MODULE" version="4">
+  <component name="NewModuleRootManager" inherit-compiler-output="true">
+    <exclude-output />
+    <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$">
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src" isTestSource="false" />
+    </content>
+    <orderEntry type="inheritedJdk" />
+    <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="KotlinJavaRuntime" level="project" />
+  </component>
+</module>