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tsvm/video_encoder/encoder_tav.c
minjaesong 9f901681a6 first working version
2025-09-15 12:56:42 +09:00

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// Created by Claude on 2025-09-13.
// TAV (TSVM Advanced Video) Encoder - DWT-based compression with full resolution YCoCg-R
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <zstd.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <float.h>
// Float16 conversion functions (same as TEV)
static inline uint16_t float_to_float16(float fval) {
uint32_t fbits = *(uint32_t*)&fval;
uint16_t sign = (fbits >> 16) & 0x8000;
uint32_t val = (fbits & 0x7fffffff) + 0x1000;
if (val >= 0x47800000) {
if ((fbits & 0x7fffffff) >= 0x47800000) {
if (val < 0x7f800000)
return sign | 0x7c00;
return sign | 0x7c00 | ((fbits & 0x007fffff) >> 13);
}
return sign | 0x7bff;
}
if (val >= 0x38800000)
return sign | ((val - 0x38000000) >> 13);
if (val < 0x33000000)
return sign;
val = (fbits & 0x7fffffff) >> 23;
return sign | (((fbits & 0x7fffff) | 0x800000) +
(0x800000 >> (val - 102))
) >> (126 - val);
}
static inline float float16_to_float(uint16_t hbits) {
uint32_t mant = hbits & 0x03ff;
uint32_t exp = hbits & 0x7c00;
if (exp == 0x7c00)
exp = 0x3fc00;
else if (exp != 0) {
exp += 0x1c000;
if (mant == 0 && exp > 0x1c400) {
uint32_t fbits = ((hbits & 0x8000) << 16) | (exp << 13) | 0x3ff;
return *(float*)&fbits;
}
}
else if (mant != 0) {
exp = 0x1c400;
do {
mant <<= 1;
exp -= 0x400;
} while ((mant & 0x400) == 0);
mant &= 0x3ff;
}
uint32_t fbits = ((hbits & 0x8000) << 16) | ((exp | mant) << 13);
return *(float*)&fbits;
}
// TSVM Advanced Video (TAV) format constants
#define TAV_MAGIC "\x1F\x54\x53\x56\x4D\x54\x41\x56" // "\x1FTSVM TAV"
#define TAV_VERSION 1 // Initial DWT implementation
// Tile encoding modes (64x64 tiles)
#define TAV_MODE_SKIP 0x00 // Skip tile (copy from reference)
#define TAV_MODE_INTRA 0x01 // Intra DWT coding (I-frame tiles)
#define TAV_MODE_INTER 0x02 // Inter DWT coding with motion compensation
#define TAV_MODE_MOTION 0x03 // Motion vector only (good prediction)
// Video packet types
#define TAV_PACKET_IFRAME 0x10 // Intra frame (keyframe)
#define TAV_PACKET_PFRAME 0x11 // Predicted frame
#define TAV_PACKET_AUDIO_MP2 0x20 // MP2 audio
#define TAV_PACKET_SUBTITLE 0x30 // Subtitle packet
#define TAV_PACKET_SYNC 0xFF // Sync packet
// DWT settings
#define TILE_SIZE 64
#define MAX_DECOMP_LEVELS 4
#define DEFAULT_DECOMP_LEVELS 3
// Wavelet filter types
#define WAVELET_5_3_REVERSIBLE 0 // Lossless capable
#define WAVELET_9_7_IRREVERSIBLE 1 // Higher compression
// Default settings
#define DEFAULT_WIDTH 560
#define DEFAULT_HEIGHT 448
#define DEFAULT_FPS 30
#define DEFAULT_QUALITY 2
static void generate_random_filename(char *filename) {
srand(time(NULL));
const char charset[] = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
const int charset_size = sizeof(charset) - 1;
// Start with the prefix
strcpy(filename, "/tmp/");
// Generate 32 random characters
for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
filename[5 + i] = charset[rand() % charset_size];
}
// Add the .mp2 extension
strcpy(filename + 37, ".mp2");
filename[41] = '\0'; // Null terminate
}
char TEMP_AUDIO_FILE[42];
// Utility macros
static inline int CLAMP(int x, int min, int max) {
return x < min ? min : (x > max ? max : x);
}
static inline float FCLAMP(float x, float min, float max) {
return x < min ? min : (x > max ? max : x);
}
// MP2 audio rate table (same as TEV)
static const int MP2_RATE_TABLE[] = {128, 160, 224, 320, 384, 384};
// Quality level to quantization mapping for different channels
static const int QUALITY_Y[] = {90, 70, 50, 30, 15, 5}; // Luma (fine)
static const int QUALITY_CO[] = {80, 60, 40, 20, 10, 3}; // Chroma Co (aggressive)
static const int QUALITY_CG[] = {70, 50, 30, 15, 8, 2}; // Chroma Cg (very aggressive)
// DWT coefficient structure for each subband
typedef struct {
int16_t *coeffs;
int width, height;
int size;
} dwt_subband_t;
// DWT tile structure
typedef struct {
dwt_subband_t *ll, *lh, *hl, *hh; // Subbands for each level
int decomp_levels;
int tile_x, tile_y;
} dwt_tile_t;
// Motion vector structure
typedef struct {
int16_t mv_x, mv_y; // 1/4 pixel precision
float rate_control_factor;
} motion_vector_t;
// TAV encoder structure
typedef struct {
// Input/output files
char *input_file;
char *output_file;
char *subtitle_file;
FILE *output_fp;
FILE *mp2_file;
FILE *ffmpeg_video_pipe;
// Video parameters
int width, height;
int fps;
int output_fps; // For frame rate conversion
int total_frames;
int frame_count;
double duration;
int has_audio;
int is_ntsc_framerate;
// Encoding parameters
int quality_level;
int quantizer_y, quantizer_co, quantizer_cg;
int wavelet_filter;
int decomp_levels;
int bitrate_mode;
int target_bitrate;
// Flags
int progressive;
int lossless;
int enable_rcf;
int enable_progressive_transmission;
int enable_roi;
int verbose;
int test_mode;
// Frame buffers
uint8_t *current_frame_rgb;
uint8_t *previous_frame_rgb;
float *current_frame_y, *current_frame_co, *current_frame_cg;
float *previous_frame_y, *previous_frame_co, *previous_frame_cg;
// Tile processing
int tiles_x, tiles_y;
dwt_tile_t *tiles;
motion_vector_t *motion_vectors;
// Audio processing
size_t audio_remaining;
// Compression
ZSTD_CCtx *zstd_ctx;
void *compressed_buffer;
size_t compressed_buffer_size;
// Statistics
size_t total_compressed_size;
size_t total_uncompressed_size;
} tav_encoder_t;
// 5/3 Wavelet filter coefficients (reversible)
static const float WAVELET_5_3_LP[] = {0.5f, 1.0f, 0.5f};
static const float WAVELET_5_3_HP[] = {-0.125f, -0.25f, 0.75f, -0.25f, -0.125f};
// 9/7 Wavelet filter coefficients (irreversible - Daubechies)
static const float WAVELET_9_7_LP[] = {
0.037828455507f, -0.023849465020f, -0.110624404418f, 0.377402855613f,
0.852698679009f, 0.377402855613f, -0.110624404418f, -0.023849465020f, 0.037828455507f
};
static const float WAVELET_9_7_HP[] = {
0.064538882629f, -0.040689417609f, -0.418092273222f, 0.788485616406f,
-0.418092273222f, -0.040689417609f, 0.064538882629f
};
// Function prototypes
static void show_usage(const char *program_name);
static tav_encoder_t* create_encoder(void);
static void cleanup_encoder(tav_encoder_t *enc);
static int initialize_encoder(tav_encoder_t *enc);
static void rgb_to_ycocg(const uint8_t *rgb, float *y, float *co, float *cg, int width, int height);
static void dwt_2d_forward(float *tile_data, int levels, int filter_type);
static void dwt_2d_inverse(dwt_tile_t *tile, float *output, int filter_type);
static void quantize_subbands(dwt_tile_t *tile, int q_y, int q_co, int q_cg, float rcf);
static int estimate_motion_64x64(const float *current, const float *reference,
int width, int height, int tile_x, int tile_y,
motion_vector_t *mv);
static size_t compress_tile_data(tav_encoder_t *enc, const dwt_tile_t *tiles,
const motion_vector_t *mvs, int num_tiles,
uint8_t packet_type);
// Show usage information
static void show_usage(const char *program_name) {
printf("TAV DWT-based Video Encoder\n");
printf("Usage: %s [options] -i input.mp4 -o output.mv3\n\n", program_name);
printf("Options:\n");
printf(" -i, --input FILE Input video file\n");
printf(" -o, --output FILE Output video file (use '-' for stdout)\n");
printf(" -s, --size WxH Video size (default: %dx%d)\n", DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
printf(" -f, --fps N Output frames per second (enables frame rate conversion)\n");
printf(" -q, --quality N Quality level 0-5 (default: 2)\n");
printf(" -Q, --quantizer Y,Co,Cg Quantizer levels 0-100 for each channel\n");
printf(" -w, --wavelet N Wavelet filter: 0=5/3 reversible, 1=9/7 irreversible (default: 1)\n");
printf(" -d, --decomp N Decomposition levels 1-4 (default: 3)\n");
printf(" -b, --bitrate N Target bitrate in kbps (enables bitrate control mode)\n");
printf(" -p, --progressive Use progressive scan (default: interlaced)\n");
printf(" -S, --subtitles FILE SubRip (.srt) or SAMI (.smi) subtitle file\n");
printf(" -v, --verbose Verbose output\n");
printf(" -t, --test Test mode: generate solid colour frames\n");
printf(" --lossless Lossless mode: use 5/3 reversible wavelet\n");
printf(" --enable-rcf Enable per-tile rate control (experimental)\n");
printf(" --enable-progressive Enable progressive transmission\n");
printf(" --enable-roi Enable region-of-interest coding\n");
printf(" --help Show this help\n\n");
printf("Audio Rate by Quality:\n ");
for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(MP2_RATE_TABLE) / sizeof(int); i++) {
printf("%d: %d kbps\t", i, MP2_RATE_TABLE[i]);
}
printf("\n\nQuantizer Value by Quality:\n");
printf(" Y (Luma): ");
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
printf("%d: Q%d ", i, QUALITY_Y[i]);
}
printf("\n Co (Chroma): ");
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
printf("%d: Q%d ", i, QUALITY_CO[i]);
}
printf("\n Cg (Chroma): ");
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
printf("%d: Q%d ", i, QUALITY_CG[i]);
}
printf("\n\nFeatures:\n");
printf(" - 64x64 DWT tiles with multi-resolution encoding\n");
printf(" - Full resolution YCoCg-R color space\n");
printf(" - Progressive transmission and ROI coding\n");
printf(" - Motion compensation with ±16 pixel search range\n");
printf(" - Lossless and lossy compression modes\n");
printf("\nExamples:\n");
printf(" %s -i input.mp4 -o output.mv3 # Default settings\n", program_name);
printf(" %s -i input.mkv -q 3 -w 1 -d 4 -o output.mv3 # High quality with 9/7 wavelet\n", program_name);
printf(" %s -i input.avi --lossless -o output.mv3 # Lossless encoding\n", program_name);
printf(" %s -i input.mp4 -b 800 -o output.mv3 # 800 kbps bitrate target\n", program_name);
printf(" %s -i input.webm -S subs.srt -o output.mv3 # With subtitles\n", program_name);
}
// Create encoder instance
static tav_encoder_t* create_encoder(void) {
tav_encoder_t *enc = calloc(1, sizeof(tav_encoder_t));
if (!enc) return NULL;
// Set defaults
enc->width = DEFAULT_WIDTH;
enc->height = DEFAULT_HEIGHT;
enc->fps = DEFAULT_FPS;
enc->quality_level = DEFAULT_QUALITY;
enc->wavelet_filter = WAVELET_9_7_IRREVERSIBLE;
enc->decomp_levels = DEFAULT_DECOMP_LEVELS;
enc->quantizer_y = QUALITY_Y[DEFAULT_QUALITY];
enc->quantizer_co = QUALITY_CO[DEFAULT_QUALITY];
enc->quantizer_cg = QUALITY_CG[DEFAULT_QUALITY];
return enc;
}
// Initialize encoder resources
static int initialize_encoder(tav_encoder_t *enc) {
if (!enc) return -1;
// Calculate tile dimensions
enc->tiles_x = (enc->width + TILE_SIZE - 1) / TILE_SIZE;
enc->tiles_y = (enc->height + TILE_SIZE - 1) / TILE_SIZE;
int num_tiles = enc->tiles_x * enc->tiles_y;
// Allocate frame buffers
size_t frame_size = enc->width * enc->height;
enc->current_frame_rgb = malloc(frame_size * 3);
enc->previous_frame_rgb = malloc(frame_size * 3);
enc->current_frame_y = malloc(frame_size * sizeof(float));
enc->current_frame_co = malloc(frame_size * sizeof(float));
enc->current_frame_cg = malloc(frame_size * sizeof(float));
enc->previous_frame_y = malloc(frame_size * sizeof(float));
enc->previous_frame_co = malloc(frame_size * sizeof(float));
enc->previous_frame_cg = malloc(frame_size * sizeof(float));
// Allocate tile structures
enc->tiles = malloc(num_tiles * sizeof(dwt_tile_t));
enc->motion_vectors = malloc(num_tiles * sizeof(motion_vector_t));
// Initialize ZSTD compression
enc->zstd_ctx = ZSTD_createCCtx();
enc->compressed_buffer_size = ZSTD_compressBound(1024 * 1024); // 1MB max
enc->compressed_buffer = malloc(enc->compressed_buffer_size);
if (!enc->current_frame_rgb || !enc->previous_frame_rgb ||
!enc->current_frame_y || !enc->current_frame_co || !enc->current_frame_cg ||
!enc->previous_frame_y || !enc->previous_frame_co || !enc->previous_frame_cg ||
!enc->tiles || !enc->motion_vectors || !enc->zstd_ctx || !enc->compressed_buffer) {
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
// =============================================================================
// DWT Implementation - 5/3 Reversible and 9/7 Irreversible Filters
// =============================================================================
// 1D DWT using lifting scheme for 5/3 reversible filter
static void dwt_53_forward_1d(float *data, int length) {
if (length < 2) return;
float *temp = malloc(length * sizeof(float));
int half = length / 2;
// Predict step (high-pass)
for (int i = 0; i < half; i++) {
int idx = 2 * i + 1;
if (idx < length) {
float pred = 0.5f * (data[2 * i] + (2 * i + 2 < length ? data[2 * i + 2] : data[2 * i]));
temp[half + i] = data[idx] - pred;
}
}
// Update step (low-pass)
for (int i = 0; i < half; i++) {
float update = 0.25f * ((i > 0 ? temp[half + i - 1] : 0) +
(i < half - 1 ? temp[half + i] : 0));
temp[i] = data[2 * i] + update;
}
// Copy back
memcpy(data, temp, length * sizeof(float));
free(temp);
}
static void dwt_53_inverse_1d(float *data, int length) {
if (length < 2) return;
float *temp = malloc(length * sizeof(float));
int half = length / 2;
// Inverse update step
for (int i = 0; i < half; i++) {
float update = 0.25f * ((i > 0 ? data[half + i - 1] : 0) +
(i < half - 1 ? data[half + i] : 0));
temp[2 * i] = data[i] - update;
}
// Inverse predict step
for (int i = 0; i < half; i++) {
int idx = 2 * i + 1;
if (idx < length) {
float pred = 0.5f * (temp[2 * i] + (2 * i + 2 < length ? temp[2 * i + 2] : temp[2 * i]));
temp[idx] = data[half + i] + pred;
}
}
// Copy back
memcpy(data, temp, length * sizeof(float));
free(temp);
}
// 1D DWT using lifting scheme for 9/7 irreversible filter
static void dwt_97_forward_1d(float *data, int length) {
if (length < 2) return;
float *temp = malloc(length * sizeof(float));
int half = length / 2;
// Split into even/odd samples
for (int i = 0; i < half; i++) {
temp[i] = data[2 * i]; // Even (low)
if (2 * i + 1 < length) {
temp[half + i] = data[2 * i + 1]; // Odd (high)
}
}
// Apply 9/7 lifting steps
const float alpha = -1.586134342f;
const float beta = -0.052980118f;
const float gamma = 0.882911076f;
const float delta = 0.443506852f;
const float K = 1.230174105f;
// First lifting step
for (int i = 0; i < half; i++) {
float left = (i > 0) ? temp[i - 1] : temp[i];
float right = (i < half - 1) ? temp[i + 1] : temp[i];
temp[half + i] += alpha * (left + right);
}
// Second lifting step
for (int i = 0; i < half; i++) {
float left = (i > 0) ? temp[half + i - 1] : temp[half + i];
float right = (i < half - 1) ? temp[half + i + 1] : temp[half + i];
temp[i] += beta * (left + right);
}
// Third lifting step
for (int i = 0; i < half; i++) {
float left = (i > 0) ? temp[i - 1] : temp[i];
float right = (i < half - 1) ? temp[i + 1] : temp[i];
temp[half + i] += gamma * (left + right);
}
// Fourth lifting step
for (int i = 0; i < half; i++) {
float left = (i > 0) ? temp[half + i - 1] : temp[half + i];
float right = (i < half - 1) ? temp[half + i + 1] : temp[half + i];
temp[i] += delta * (left + right);
}
// Scaling
for (int i = 0; i < half; i++) {
temp[i] *= K;
temp[half + i] /= K;
}
memcpy(data, temp, length * sizeof(float));
free(temp);
}
// 2D DWT forward transform for 64x64 tile
static void dwt_2d_forward(float *tile_data, int levels, int filter_type) {
const int size = 64;
float *temp_row = malloc(size * sizeof(float));
float *temp_col = malloc(size * sizeof(float));
for (int level = 0; level < levels; level++) {
int current_size = size >> level;
if (current_size < 2) break;
// Row transform
for (int y = 0; y < current_size; y++) {
for (int x = 0; x < current_size; x++) {
temp_row[x] = tile_data[y * size + x];
}
if (filter_type == WAVELET_5_3_REVERSIBLE) {
dwt_53_forward_1d(temp_row, current_size);
} else {
dwt_97_forward_1d(temp_row, current_size);
}
for (int x = 0; x < current_size; x++) {
tile_data[y * size + x] = temp_row[x];
}
}
// Column transform
for (int x = 0; x < current_size; x++) {
for (int y = 0; y < current_size; y++) {
temp_col[y] = tile_data[y * size + x];
}
if (filter_type == WAVELET_5_3_REVERSIBLE) {
dwt_53_forward_1d(temp_col, current_size);
} else {
dwt_97_forward_1d(temp_col, current_size);
}
for (int y = 0; y < current_size; y++) {
tile_data[y * size + x] = temp_col[y];
}
}
}
free(temp_row);
free(temp_col);
}
// Quantization for DWT subbands with rate control
static void quantize_dwt_coefficients(float *coeffs, int16_t *quantized, int size, int quantizer, float rcf) {
float effective_q = quantizer * rcf;
effective_q = FCLAMP(effective_q, 1.0f, 255.0f);
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
float quantized_val = coeffs[i] / effective_q;
quantized[i] = (int16_t)CLAMP((int)(quantized_val + (quantized_val >= 0 ? 0.5f : -0.5f)), -32768, 32767);
}
}
// Serialize tile data for compression
static size_t serialize_tile_data(tav_encoder_t *enc, int tile_x, int tile_y,
const float *tile_y_data, const float *tile_co_data, const float *tile_cg_data,
const motion_vector_t *mv, uint8_t mode, uint8_t *buffer) {
size_t offset = 0;
// Write tile header
buffer[offset++] = mode;
memcpy(buffer + offset, &mv->mv_x, sizeof(int16_t)); offset += sizeof(int16_t);
memcpy(buffer + offset, &mv->mv_y, sizeof(int16_t)); offset += sizeof(int16_t);
memcpy(buffer + offset, &mv->rate_control_factor, sizeof(float)); offset += sizeof(float);
if (mode == TAV_MODE_SKIP || mode == TAV_MODE_MOTION) {
// No coefficient data for SKIP/MOTION modes
return offset;
}
// Quantize and serialize DWT coefficients
const int tile_size = 64 * 64;
int16_t *quantized_y = malloc(tile_size * sizeof(int16_t));
int16_t *quantized_co = malloc(tile_size * sizeof(int16_t));
int16_t *quantized_cg = malloc(tile_size * sizeof(int16_t));
// Debug: check DWT coefficients before quantization
if (tile_x == 0 && tile_y == 0) {
printf("Encoder Debug: Tile (0,0) - DWT Y coeffs before quantization (first 16): ");
for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
printf("%.2f ", tile_y_data[i]);
}
printf("\n");
printf("Encoder Debug: Quantizers - Y=%d, Co=%d, Cg=%d, rcf=%.2f\n",
enc->quantizer_y, enc->quantizer_co, enc->quantizer_cg, mv->rate_control_factor);
}
quantize_dwt_coefficients((float*)tile_y_data, quantized_y, tile_size, enc->quantizer_y, mv->rate_control_factor);
quantize_dwt_coefficients((float*)tile_co_data, quantized_co, tile_size, enc->quantizer_co, mv->rate_control_factor);
quantize_dwt_coefficients((float*)tile_cg_data, quantized_cg, tile_size, enc->quantizer_cg, mv->rate_control_factor);
// Debug: check quantized coefficients after quantization
if (tile_x == 0 && tile_y == 0) {
printf("Encoder Debug: Tile (0,0) - Quantized Y coeffs (first 16): ");
for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
printf("%d ", quantized_y[i]);
}
printf("\n");
}
// Write quantized coefficients
memcpy(buffer + offset, quantized_y, tile_size * sizeof(int16_t)); offset += tile_size * sizeof(int16_t);
memcpy(buffer + offset, quantized_co, tile_size * sizeof(int16_t)); offset += tile_size * sizeof(int16_t);
memcpy(buffer + offset, quantized_cg, tile_size * sizeof(int16_t)); offset += tile_size * sizeof(int16_t);
free(quantized_y);
free(quantized_co);
free(quantized_cg);
return offset;
}
// Compress and write frame data
static size_t compress_and_write_frame(tav_encoder_t *enc, uint8_t packet_type) {
// Calculate total uncompressed size
const size_t max_tile_size = 9 + (64 * 64 * 3 * sizeof(int16_t)); // header + 3 channels of coefficients
const size_t total_uncompressed_size = enc->tiles_x * enc->tiles_y * max_tile_size;
// Allocate buffer for uncompressed tile data
uint8_t *uncompressed_buffer = malloc(total_uncompressed_size);
size_t uncompressed_offset = 0;
// Serialize all tiles
for (int tile_y = 0; tile_y < enc->tiles_y; tile_y++) {
for (int tile_x = 0; tile_x < enc->tiles_x; tile_x++) {
int tile_idx = tile_y * enc->tiles_x + tile_x;
// Determine tile mode (simplified)
uint8_t mode = TAV_MODE_INTRA; // For now, all tiles are INTRA
// Extract tile data (already processed)
float tile_y_data[64 * 64];
float tile_co_data[64 * 64];
float tile_cg_data[64 * 64];
// Extract tile data from frame buffers
for (int y = 0; y < 64; y++) {
for (int x = 0; x < 64; x++) {
int src_x = tile_x * 64 + x;
int src_y = tile_y * 64 + y;
int src_idx = src_y * enc->width + src_x;
int tile_idx_local = y * 64 + x;
if (src_x < enc->width && src_y < enc->height) {
tile_y_data[tile_idx_local] = enc->current_frame_y[src_idx];
tile_co_data[tile_idx_local] = enc->current_frame_co[src_idx];
tile_cg_data[tile_idx_local] = enc->current_frame_cg[src_idx];
} else {
// Pad with zeros if tile extends beyond frame
tile_y_data[tile_idx_local] = 0.0f;
tile_co_data[tile_idx_local] = 0.0f;
tile_cg_data[tile_idx_local] = 0.0f;
}
}
}
// Debug: check input data before DWT
if (tile_x == 0 && tile_y == 0) {
printf("Encoder Debug: Tile (0,0) - Y data before DWT (first 16): ");
for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
printf("%.2f ", tile_y_data[i]);
}
printf("\n");
}
// Apply DWT transform to each channel
dwt_2d_forward(tile_y_data, enc->decomp_levels, enc->wavelet_filter);
dwt_2d_forward(tile_co_data, enc->decomp_levels, enc->wavelet_filter);
dwt_2d_forward(tile_cg_data, enc->decomp_levels, enc->wavelet_filter);
// Serialize tile
size_t tile_size = serialize_tile_data(enc, tile_x, tile_y,
tile_y_data, tile_co_data, tile_cg_data,
&enc->motion_vectors[tile_idx], mode,
uncompressed_buffer + uncompressed_offset);
uncompressed_offset += tile_size;
}
}
// Compress with zstd
size_t compressed_size = ZSTD_compress(enc->compressed_buffer, enc->compressed_buffer_size,
uncompressed_buffer, uncompressed_offset,
ZSTD_CLEVEL_DEFAULT);
if (ZSTD_isError(compressed_size)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: ZSTD compression failed: %s\n", ZSTD_getErrorName(compressed_size));
free(uncompressed_buffer);
return 0;
}
// Write packet header and compressed data
fwrite(&packet_type, 1, 1, enc->output_fp);
uint32_t compressed_size_32 = (uint32_t)compressed_size;
fwrite(&compressed_size_32, sizeof(uint32_t), 1, enc->output_fp);
fwrite(enc->compressed_buffer, 1, compressed_size, enc->output_fp);
free(uncompressed_buffer);
enc->total_compressed_size += compressed_size;
enc->total_uncompressed_size += uncompressed_offset;
return compressed_size + 5; // packet type + size field + compressed data
}
// Motion estimation for 64x64 tiles using SAD
static int estimate_motion_64x64(const float *current, const float *reference,
int width, int height, int tile_x, int tile_y,
motion_vector_t *mv) {
const int tile_size = 64;
const int search_range = 16; // ±16 pixels
const int start_x = tile_x * tile_size;
const int start_y = tile_y * tile_size;
int best_mv_x = 0, best_mv_y = 0;
int min_sad = INT_MAX;
// Search within ±16 pixel range
for (int dy = -search_range; dy <= search_range; dy++) {
for (int dx = -search_range; dx <= search_range; dx++) {
int ref_x = start_x + dx;
int ref_y = start_y + dy;
// Check bounds
if (ref_x < 0 || ref_y < 0 ||
ref_x + tile_size > width || ref_y + tile_size > height) {
continue;
}
// Calculate SAD
int sad = 0;
for (int y = 0; y < tile_size; y++) {
for (int x = 0; x < tile_size; x++) {
int curr_idx = (start_y + y) * width + (start_x + x);
int ref_idx = (ref_y + y) * width + (ref_x + x);
if (curr_idx >= 0 && curr_idx < width * height &&
ref_idx >= 0 && ref_idx < width * height) {
int diff = (int)(current[curr_idx] - reference[ref_idx]);
sad += abs(diff);
}
}
}
if (sad < min_sad) {
min_sad = sad;
best_mv_x = dx * 4; // Convert to 1/4 pixel precision
best_mv_y = dy * 4;
}
}
}
mv->mv_x = best_mv_x;
mv->mv_y = best_mv_y;
mv->rate_control_factor = 1.0f; // TODO: Calculate based on complexity
return min_sad;
}
// RGB to YCoCg color space conversion
static void rgb_to_ycocg(const uint8_t *rgb, float *y, float *co, float *cg, int width, int height) {
for (int i = 0; i < width * height; i++) {
float r = rgb[i * 3 + 0];
float g = rgb[i * 3 + 1];
float b = rgb[i * 3 + 2];
// YCoCg-R transform
co[i] = r - b;
float tmp = b + co[i] / 2;
cg[i] = g - tmp;
y[i] = tmp + cg[i] / 2;
}
}
// Write TAV file header
static int write_tav_header(tav_encoder_t *enc) {
if (!enc->output_fp) return -1;
// Magic number
fwrite(TAV_MAGIC, 1, 8, enc->output_fp);
// Version
fputc(TAV_VERSION, enc->output_fp);
// Video parameters
fwrite(&enc->width, sizeof(uint16_t), 1, enc->output_fp);
fwrite(&enc->height, sizeof(uint16_t), 1, enc->output_fp);
fputc(enc->fps, enc->output_fp);
fwrite(&enc->total_frames, sizeof(uint32_t), 1, enc->output_fp);
// Encoder parameters
fputc(enc->wavelet_filter, enc->output_fp);
fputc(enc->decomp_levels, enc->output_fp);
fputc(enc->quantizer_y, enc->output_fp);
fputc(enc->quantizer_co, enc->output_fp);
fputc(enc->quantizer_cg, enc->output_fp);
// Feature flags
uint8_t extra_flags = 0;
if (1) extra_flags |= 0x01; // Has audio (placeholder)
if (enc->subtitle_file) extra_flags |= 0x02; // Has subtitles
if (enc->enable_progressive_transmission) extra_flags |= 0x04;
if (enc->enable_roi) extra_flags |= 0x08;
fputc(extra_flags, enc->output_fp);
uint8_t video_flags = 0;
if (!enc->progressive) video_flags |= 0x01; // Interlaced
if (enc->fps == 29 || enc->fps == 30) video_flags |= 0x02; // NTSC
if (enc->lossless) video_flags |= 0x04; // Lossless
if (enc->decomp_levels > 1) video_flags |= 0x08; // Multi-resolution
fputc(video_flags, enc->output_fp);
// Reserved bytes (7 bytes)
for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
fputc(0, enc->output_fp);
}
return 0;
}
// =============================================================================
// Video Processing Pipeline (from TEV for compatibility)
// =============================================================================
// Execute command and capture output
static char* execute_command(const char* command) {
FILE* pipe = popen(command, "r");
if (!pipe) return NULL;
size_t buffer_size = 4096;
char* buffer = malloc(buffer_size);
size_t total_size = 0;
size_t bytes_read;
while ((bytes_read = fread(buffer + total_size, 1, buffer_size - total_size - 1, pipe)) > 0) {
total_size += bytes_read;
if (total_size + 1 >= buffer_size) {
buffer_size *= 2;
buffer = realloc(buffer, buffer_size);
}
}
buffer[total_size] = '\0';
pclose(pipe);
return buffer;
}
// Get video metadata using ffprobe
static int get_video_metadata(tav_encoder_t *config) {
char command[1024];
char *output;
// Get all metadata without frame count (much faster)
snprintf(command, sizeof(command),
"ffprobe -v quiet "
"-show_entries stream=r_frame_rate:format=duration "
"-select_streams v:0 -of csv=p=0 \"%s\" 2>/dev/null; "
"ffprobe -v quiet -select_streams a:0 -show_entries stream=index -of csv=p=0 \"%s\" 2>/dev/null",
config->input_file, config->input_file);
output = execute_command(command);
if (!output) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to get video metadata (ffprobe failed)\n");
return 0;
}
// Parse the combined output
char *line = strtok(output, "\n");
int line_num = 0;
double inputFramerate = 0;
while (line) {
switch (line_num) {
case 0: // framerate (e.g., "30000/1001", "30/1")
if (strlen(line) > 0) {
double num, den;
if (sscanf(line, "%lf/%lf", &num, &den) == 2) {
inputFramerate = num / den;
config->fps = (int)round(inputFramerate);
config->is_ntsc_framerate = (fabs(den - 1001.0) < 0.1);
} else {
config->fps = (int)round(atof(line));
config->is_ntsc_framerate = 0;
}
// Frame count will be determined during encoding
config->total_frames = 0;
}
break;
case 1: // duration in seconds
config->duration = atof(line);
break;
}
line = strtok(NULL, "\n");
line_num++;
}
// Check for audio (line_num > 2 means audio stream was found)
config->has_audio = (line_num > 2);
free(output);
if (config->fps <= 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Invalid or missing framerate in input file\n");
return 0;
}
// Set output FPS to input FPS if not specified
if (config->output_fps == 0) {
config->output_fps = config->fps;
}
// Frame count will be determined during encoding
config->total_frames = 0;
fprintf(stderr, "Video metadata:\n");
fprintf(stderr, " Frames: (will be determined during encoding)\n");
fprintf(stderr, " FPS: %.2f\n", inputFramerate);
fprintf(stderr, " Duration: %.2fs\n", config->duration);
fprintf(stderr, " Audio: %s\n", config->has_audio ? "Yes" : "No");
fprintf(stderr, " Resolution: %dx%d (%s)\n", config->width, config->height,
config->progressive ? "progressive" : "interlaced");
return (config->fps > 0);
}
// Start FFmpeg process for video conversion with frame rate support
static int start_video_conversion(tav_encoder_t *enc) {
char command[2048];
// Use simple FFmpeg command like TEV encoder for reliable EOF detection
snprintf(command, sizeof(command),
"ffmpeg -i \"%s\" -f rawvideo -pix_fmt rgb24 "
"-vf \"scale=%d:%d:force_original_aspect_ratio=increase,crop=%d:%d\" "
"-y - 2>/dev/null",
enc->input_file, enc->width, enc->height, enc->width, enc->height);
if (enc->verbose) {
printf("FFmpeg command: %s\n", command);
}
enc->ffmpeg_video_pipe = popen(command, "r");
if (!enc->ffmpeg_video_pipe) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to start FFmpeg video conversion\n");
return 0;
}
return 1;
}
// Start audio conversion
static int start_audio_conversion(tav_encoder_t *enc) {
if (!enc->has_audio) return 1;
char command[2048];
snprintf(command, sizeof(command),
"ffmpeg -v quiet -i \"%s\" -acodec libtwolame -psymodel 4 -b:a %dk -ar 32000 -ac 2 -y \"%s\" 2>/dev/null",
enc->input_file, enc->lossless ? 384 : MP2_RATE_TABLE[enc->quality_level], TEMP_AUDIO_FILE);
int result = system(command);
if (result == 0) {
enc->mp2_file = fopen(TEMP_AUDIO_FILE, "rb");
if (enc->mp2_file) {
fseek(enc->mp2_file, 0, SEEK_END);
enc->audio_remaining = ftell(enc->mp2_file);
fseek(enc->mp2_file, 0, SEEK_SET);
}
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
// Main function
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
generate_random_filename(TEMP_AUDIO_FILE);
printf("Initialising encoder...\n");
tav_encoder_t *enc = create_encoder();
if (!enc) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: Failed to create encoder\n");
return 1;
}
// Command line option parsing (similar to TEV encoder)
static struct option long_options[] = {
{"input", required_argument, 0, 'i'},
{"output", required_argument, 0, 'o'},
{"size", required_argument, 0, 's'},
{"fps", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
{"quality", required_argument, 0, 'q'},
{"quantizer", required_argument, 0, 'Q'},
{"quantiser", required_argument, 0, 'Q'},
{"wavelet", required_argument, 0, 'w'},
{"decomp", required_argument, 0, 'd'},
{"bitrate", required_argument, 0, 'b'},
{"progressive", no_argument, 0, 'p'},
{"subtitles", required_argument, 0, 'S'},
{"verbose", no_argument, 0, 'v'},
{"test", no_argument, 0, 't'},
{"lossless", no_argument, 0, 1000},
{"enable-rcf", no_argument, 0, 1001},
{"enable-progressive", no_argument, 0, 1002},
{"enable-roi", no_argument, 0, 1003},
{"help", no_argument, 0, 1004},
{0, 0, 0, 0}
};
int c, option_index = 0;
while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "i:o:s:f:q:Q:w:d:b:pS:vt", long_options, &option_index)) != -1) {
switch (c) {
case 'i':
enc->input_file = strdup(optarg);
break;
case 'o':
enc->output_file = strdup(optarg);
break;
case 'q':
enc->quality_level = CLAMP(atoi(optarg), 0, 5);
enc->quantizer_y = QUALITY_Y[enc->quality_level];
enc->quantizer_co = QUALITY_CO[enc->quality_level];
enc->quantizer_cg = QUALITY_CG[enc->quality_level];
break;
case 'Q':
// Parse quantizer values Y,Co,Cg
if (sscanf(optarg, "%d,%d,%d", &enc->quantizer_y, &enc->quantizer_co, &enc->quantizer_cg) != 3) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: Invalid quantizer format. Use Y,Co,Cg (e.g., 5,3,2)\n");
cleanup_encoder(enc);
return 1;
}
enc->quantizer_y = CLAMP(enc->quantizer_y, 1, 100);
enc->quantizer_co = CLAMP(enc->quantizer_co, 1, 100);
enc->quantizer_cg = CLAMP(enc->quantizer_cg, 1, 100);
break;
case 'w':
enc->wavelet_filter = CLAMP(atoi(optarg), 0, 1);
break;
case 'f':
enc->output_fps = atoi(optarg);
break;
case 'd':
enc->decomp_levels = CLAMP(atoi(optarg), 1, MAX_DECOMP_LEVELS);
break;
case 'p':
enc->progressive = 1;
break;
case 'v':
enc->verbose = 1;
break;
case 't':
enc->test_mode = 1;
break;
case 1000: // --lossless
enc->lossless = 1;
enc->wavelet_filter = WAVELET_5_3_REVERSIBLE;
break;
case 1001: // --enable-rcf
enc->enable_rcf = 1;
break;
case 1004: // --help
show_usage(argv[0]);
cleanup_encoder(enc);
return 0;
default:
show_usage(argv[0]);
cleanup_encoder(enc);
return 1;
}
}
if ((!enc->input_file && !enc->test_mode) || !enc->output_file) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: Input and output files must be specified\n");
show_usage(argv[0]);
cleanup_encoder(enc);
return 1;
}
if (initialize_encoder(enc) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: Failed to initialize encoder\n");
cleanup_encoder(enc);
return 1;
}
printf("TAV Encoder - DWT-based video compression\n");
printf("Input: %s\n", enc->input_file);
printf("Output: %s\n", enc->output_file);
printf("Resolution: %dx%d\n", enc->width, enc->height);
printf("Wavelet: %s\n", enc->wavelet_filter ? "9/7 irreversible" : "5/3 reversible");
printf("Decomposition levels: %d\n", enc->decomp_levels);
printf("Quality: Y=%d, Co=%d, Cg=%d\n", enc->quantizer_y, enc->quantizer_co, enc->quantizer_cg);
// Open output file
if (strcmp(enc->output_file, "-") == 0) {
enc->output_fp = stdout;
} else {
enc->output_fp = fopen(enc->output_file, "wb");
if (!enc->output_fp) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: Cannot open output file %s\n", enc->output_file);
cleanup_encoder(enc);
return 1;
}
}
// Start FFmpeg process for video input (using TEV-compatible filtergraphs)
if (enc->test_mode) {
// Test mode - generate solid color frames
enc->total_frames = 15; // Fixed 15 test frames like TEV
printf("Test mode: Generating %d solid colour frames\n", enc->total_frames);
} else {
// Normal mode - get video metadata first
printf("Retrieving video metadata...\n");
if (!get_video_metadata(enc)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: Failed to get video metadata\n");
cleanup_encoder(enc);
return 1;
}
// Start video preprocessing pipeline
if (start_video_conversion(enc) != 1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: Failed to start video conversion\n");
cleanup_encoder(enc);
return 1;
}
// Start audio conversion if needed
if (enc->has_audio) {
printf("Starting audio conversion...\n");
if (!start_audio_conversion(enc)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Warning: Audio conversion failed\n");
enc->has_audio = 0;
}
}
}
// Write TAV header
if (write_tav_header(enc) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: Failed to write TAV header\n");
cleanup_encoder(enc);
return 1;
}
printf("Starting encoding...\n");
// Main encoding loop - process frames until EOF or frame limit
int keyframe_interval = 30; // I-frame every 30 frames
int frame_count = 0;
int continue_encoding = 1;
while (continue_encoding) {
if (enc->test_mode) {
// Test mode has a fixed frame count
if (frame_count >= enc->total_frames) {
continue_encoding = 0;
break;
}
// Generate test frame with solid colours (TEV-style)
size_t rgb_size = enc->width * enc->height * 3;
uint8_t test_r = 0, test_g = 0, test_b = 0;
const char* colour_name = "unknown";
switch (frame_count) {
case 0: test_r = 0; test_g = 0; test_b = 0; colour_name = "black"; break;
case 1: test_r = 127; test_g = 127; test_b = 127; colour_name = "grey"; break;
case 2: test_r = 255; test_g = 255; test_b = 255; colour_name = "white"; break;
case 3: test_r = 127; test_g = 0; test_b = 0; colour_name = "half red"; break;
case 4: test_r = 127; test_g = 127; test_b = 0; colour_name = "half yellow"; break;
case 5: test_r = 0; test_g = 127; test_b = 0; colour_name = "half green"; break;
case 6: test_r = 0; test_g = 127; test_b = 127; colour_name = "half cyan"; break;
case 7: test_r = 0; test_g = 0; test_b = 127; colour_name = "half blue"; break;
case 8: test_r = 127; test_g = 0; test_b = 127; colour_name = "half magenta"; break;
case 9: test_r = 255; test_g = 0; test_b = 0; colour_name = "red"; break;
case 10: test_r = 255; test_g = 255; test_b = 0; colour_name = "yellow"; break;
case 11: test_r = 0; test_g = 255; test_b = 0; colour_name = "green"; break;
case 12: test_r = 0; test_g = 255; test_b = 255; colour_name = "cyan"; break;
case 13: test_r = 0; test_g = 0; test_b = 255; colour_name = "blue"; break;
case 14: test_r = 255; test_g = 0; test_b = 255; colour_name = "magenta"; break;
}
// Fill frame with test colour
for (size_t i = 0; i < rgb_size; i += 3) {
enc->current_frame_rgb[i] = test_r;
enc->current_frame_rgb[i + 1] = test_g;
enc->current_frame_rgb[i + 2] = test_b;
}
printf("Frame %d: %s (%d,%d,%d)\n", frame_count, colour_name, test_r, test_g, test_b);
} else {
// Real video mode - read frame from FFmpeg
// height-halving is already done on the encoder initialisation
int frame_height = enc->height;
size_t rgb_size = enc->width * frame_height * 3;
size_t bytes_read = fread(enc->current_frame_rgb, 1, rgb_size, enc->ffmpeg_video_pipe);
if (bytes_read != rgb_size) {
if (enc->verbose) {
printf("Frame %d: Expected %zu bytes, got %zu bytes\n", frame_count, rgb_size, bytes_read);
if (feof(enc->ffmpeg_video_pipe)) {
printf("FFmpeg pipe reached end of file\n");
}
if (ferror(enc->ffmpeg_video_pipe)) {
printf("FFmpeg pipe error occurred\n");
}
}
continue_encoding = 0;
break;
}
// Each frame from FFmpeg is now a single field at half height (for interlaced)
// Frame parity: even frames (0,2,4...) = bottom fields, odd frames (1,3,5...) = top fields
}
// Determine frame type
int is_keyframe = 1;//(frame_count % keyframe_interval == 0);
// Debug: check RGB input data
if (frame_count < 3) {
printf("Encoder Debug: Frame %d - RGB data (first 16 bytes): ", frame_count);
for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
printf("%d ", enc->current_frame_rgb[i]);
}
printf("\n");
}
// Convert RGB to YCoCg
rgb_to_ycocg(enc->current_frame_rgb,
enc->current_frame_y, enc->current_frame_co, enc->current_frame_cg,
enc->width, enc->height);
// Debug: check YCoCg conversion result
if (frame_count < 3) {
printf("Encoder Debug: Frame %d - YCoCg result (first 16): ", frame_count);
for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
printf("Y=%.1f Co=%.1f Cg=%.1f ", enc->current_frame_y[i], enc->current_frame_co[i], enc->current_frame_cg[i]);
if (i % 4 == 3) break; // Only show first 4 pixels for readability
}
printf("\n");
}
// Process motion vectors for P-frames
int num_tiles = enc->tiles_x * enc->tiles_y;
for (int tile_idx = 0; tile_idx < num_tiles; tile_idx++) {
int tile_x = tile_idx % enc->tiles_x;
int tile_y = tile_idx / enc->tiles_x;
if (!is_keyframe && frame_count > 0) {
estimate_motion_64x64(enc->current_frame_y, enc->previous_frame_y,
enc->width, enc->height, tile_x, tile_y,
&enc->motion_vectors[tile_idx]);
} else {
enc->motion_vectors[tile_idx].mv_x = 0;
enc->motion_vectors[tile_idx].mv_y = 0;
enc->motion_vectors[tile_idx].rate_control_factor = 1.0f;
}
}
// Compress and write frame packet
uint8_t packet_type = is_keyframe ? TAV_PACKET_IFRAME : TAV_PACKET_PFRAME;
size_t packet_size = compress_and_write_frame(enc, packet_type);
if (packet_size == 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: Failed to compress frame %d\n", frame_count);
break;
}
else {
// Write a sync packet only after a video is been coded
uint8_t sync_packet = TAV_PACKET_SYNC;
fwrite(&sync_packet, 1, 1, enc->output_fp);
}
// Copy current frame to previous frame buffer
size_t float_frame_size = enc->width * enc->height * sizeof(float);
size_t rgb_frame_size = enc->width * enc->height * 3;
memcpy(enc->previous_frame_y, enc->current_frame_y, float_frame_size);
memcpy(enc->previous_frame_co, enc->current_frame_co, float_frame_size);
memcpy(enc->previous_frame_cg, enc->current_frame_cg, float_frame_size);
memcpy(enc->previous_frame_rgb, enc->current_frame_rgb, rgb_frame_size);
frame_count++;
enc->frame_count = frame_count;
if (enc->verbose || frame_count % 30 == 0) {
printf("Encoded frame %d (%s)\n", frame_count,
is_keyframe ? "I-frame" : "P-frame");
}
}
// Update actual frame count in encoder struct
enc->total_frames = frame_count;
// Write final sync packet
uint8_t sync_packet = TAV_PACKET_SYNC;
fwrite(&sync_packet, 1, 1, enc->output_fp);
// Update header with actual frame count (seek back to header position)
if (enc->output_fp != stdout) {
long current_pos = ftell(enc->output_fp);
fseek(enc->output_fp, 14, SEEK_SET); // Offset of total_frames field in TAV header
uint32_t actual_frames = frame_count;
fwrite(&actual_frames, sizeof(uint32_t), 1, enc->output_fp);
fseek(enc->output_fp, current_pos, SEEK_SET); // Restore position
if (enc->verbose) {
printf("Updated header with actual frame count: %d\n", frame_count);
}
}
printf("Encoding completed: %d frames\n", frame_count);
printf("Output file: %s\n", enc->output_file);
cleanup_encoder(enc);
return 0;
}
// Cleanup encoder resources
static void cleanup_encoder(tav_encoder_t *enc) {
if (!enc) return;
if (enc->ffmpeg_video_pipe) {
pclose(enc->ffmpeg_video_pipe);
}
if (enc->mp2_file) {
fclose(enc->mp2_file);
unlink(TEMP_AUDIO_FILE);
}
if (enc->output_fp) {
fclose(enc->output_fp);
}
free(enc->input_file);
free(enc->output_file);
free(enc->subtitle_file);
free(enc->current_frame_rgb);
free(enc->previous_frame_rgb);
free(enc->current_frame_y);
free(enc->current_frame_co);
free(enc->current_frame_cg);
free(enc->previous_frame_y);
free(enc->previous_frame_co);
free(enc->previous_frame_cg);
free(enc->tiles);
free(enc->motion_vectors);
free(enc->compressed_buffer);
if (enc->zstd_ctx) {
ZSTD_freeCCtx(enc->zstd_ctx);
}
free(enc);
}
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